Science Homework Help

Hello I just have two quick homework’s I need help with. They are each 25 questions but they are true or false. Very easy.

Its in regards to viruses and immunity

Bacteriophages could be grown in a culture tube if bacteria are present in the tube.

A provirus is a virus that integrates itself into the host cell chromosome.

Bacteriophages, through the process of lysogeny, may allow certain bacteria to cause certain human diseases.

If the RNA of a virion is +sense, it means that the RNA will act directly as mRNA and be translated at the ribosome.

The classification of viruses is found in Bergey’s Manual.

Oncogenic viruses include some Herpesviruses, Papillomaviruses, Hepatitis B viruses, Retroviruses, and the Epstein-Barr Virus.

The Rabies virus is an enveloped virus.

Spikes can help scientists identify viruses.

The DNA or RNA of the virus will contain the amino acid sequence for the synthesis of capsomeres.

Herpesviridae refers to the Herpes genus of viruses.

When a virus has its DNA incorporated as a prophage, this is called the lysogenic cycle.

The lytic cycle of a bacteriophage destroys the host bacterial cell.

It is correct to say that the capsid is made up of many capsomeres.

Most enveloped viruses can be transmitted through contact with inanimate objects.

When DNA is injected by a virus into the host cell, it can often be transcribed into mRNA.

You would expect viruses that penetrate human cells to make lysozyme for host cell penetration.

Poxviruses are very large DNA viruses that tend to cause skin diseases.

One of the Herpes viruses is oncogenic.

Prions contain DNA and RNA.

A viroid is the name given to a complete virus.

When a virus infects a host cell the metabolism step involves synthesis of proteins needed for viral replication.

The lysogenic cycle of a virus destroys the host cell.

DNA in viruses is always double-stranded.

An oncogenic virus may have the ability to put its DNA into the host cell’s DNA.

Heres the one for immunity. Again just true or false.

Some bacterial infections cause leukocytosis, whereas others cause leukopenia.

Leukotrienes are substances made by mast cells that enhance inflammation in the respiratory tract.

The Fc of an IgE antibody typically binds to B-cells.

Macrophages can present the antigen to Thelper cells together with their MHC II complex.

Type IV hypersensitivity involves the activation of Tcells 24 hours after contact with the antigen.

The Fc region of an antibody can bind to cells or complement.

Cellular immunity targets extracellular antigens.

A membrane attack complex (MAC) is composed of several complement proteins that form holes in a cell’s membrane.

B-cells cannot bind to antigens.

Chemotaxis can lead to diapedesis of the neutrophils.

Cytokines from T helper cells can activate macrophages.

Neutrophils play a key role in specific immunity.

Complement proteins must be activated before performing a certain action.

A typical antibody can bind 2 antigens.

Dendritic cells are located in the epidermis and are capable of phagocytosis.

If someone at the hospital is discussing immunoglobulins, they are likely discussing complement proteins in the plasma.

Interleukin-1 is released by phagocytes and causes fever.

The only chemicals that can act as opsonins are antibodies.

Toxoids can help build up immunity to diphtheria.

A pyrogen is a chemical that produces pus.

You can go into anaphylactic shock the first time you come in contact with an antigen.

Complement proteins are produced mainly by the liver.

IgM antibodies can be passed from the mother to the fetus.

Phagocytes in the blood include neutrophils and monocytes.

Antibodies are usually formed against the antigen determinants (epitopes) of the antigen.