Describe the four components of learning as they appear in each approach.

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Submit a 3-4 page paper (excluding the coversheet and reference page) discussing the conceptual differences and similarities between cognitive, behavioral, and neuroscience approaches to learning.

  • Describe the four components of learning as they appear in each approach.
  • Concentrate on the different areas that each approach emphasizes or deems most important in the learning process.
  • Provide an example of real-life learning from the lens of a cognitive approach.

The paper should have a minimum of one reference in addition to the textbook.

Point Value of this Assignment: 8
This Discussion Question aligns with the following weekly outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4
This Discussion Question aligns with the following course outcomes: 2, 4, 5

Discuss validity of study design in epidemiologic research, and how to best ensure a valid design

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 Discuss validity of study design in epidemiologic research, and how to best ensure a valid design.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

Discuss common sources of error in epidemiologic research, and how to avoid/reduce these sources of error.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

What is meant by an absolute effect in epidemiologic research? Present at least one relevant example.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length

Discuss bias in analysis and publication of epidemiologic research, and how to reduce such bias.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

Format and reference in APA

How is the public health nurse involved in finding, reporting, collection and analysis of data and follow up?

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A minimum of three references is required. The written essay should be at least 1250 words in length.APA format is required.

Write a scholarly paper in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Choose one communicable disease.

THE DISEASE IS  rubeola

MUST USE ATTACHED FORMAT******

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

Include the following in your assignment:

  1. A thorough description of the disease including causes, mode of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications. Discuss the demographic most affected-incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality.
  2. What are the determinants of health affecting this disease? https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health.
  3. Identify the epidemiologic triad including host, agent and environmental factors as related to this disease.
  4. Discuss the role of the public health nurse in relation to this disease. How is the public health nurse involved in finding, reporting, collection and analysis of data and follow up?

How could nurses in the public health setting help clients to modify unhealthy behaviors at the primary and secondary prevention levels?

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  • Describe the roles of your local and state health departments in the accomplishment of healthcare promotion and goals.
    • The role of the local and state health departments is to make sure everyone has good health. “Florida Health represents the vision that health belongs to everyone and every group—not just a state agency. It takes individuals, families, communities, and partnerships with local and state-level policy makers and stakeholders to create a culture of health in Florida” (floridahealth.gov, 2018).
  • How do their goals of health promotion meet the objective of Healthy People 2020?
    • I think everyone’s goal in general is for the public to be in good health. Being in good health can reduce the number of hospital admissions and prolong your life. Ways to spread the word are communication! Social media, interacting with others, and just being aware of what’s out there. For instance, what kinds of food are we putting into our bodies, are we drinking enough water, and is the environment less polluted with toxins that can harm us.
  • How could nurses in the public health setting help clients to modify unhealthy behaviors at the primary and secondary prevention levels? Please provide an example for each prevention level.
    • Primary prevention would be education. Examples include educating the community about eating healthy or the dangers of smoking.
    • Secondary prevention would be reducing a disease or diagnosis. Having regular check-ups with the doctor or taking medicine pertinent to that disease would be examples.

 

how I would apply CQI in my current position working as a nurse circulator in the operating room

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4-Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is defined by the American Society for Quality (ASQ) as “a philosophy and attitude for analyzing capabilities and processes and improving them repeatedly to achieve customer satisfaction”. (Huber 292) CQI is something that is relevant to all nurses as we all need to be responsible for continual improvement at work. As professionals we should always have this as a top priority. There are many challenges in the workplace, and by looking for ways to improve, we are constantly learning and growing as a profession, this is a large piece of evidence-based practice, which is something we all hold as a standard in healthcare today.

An example of how I would apply CQI in my current position working as a nurse circulator in the operating room, is to ensure that the time out procedure is followed every single case I circulate. This is important as we often get complacent in rules and regulations, as do surgeons that we are trying to keep happy as they are customers just as much as our patients are.

I had circulated a case with another nurse during orientation in which not all implants for a total knee replacement were in the room. I was not notified of this until after the case started, the patient was anesthetized, and time out had been completed though this requirement was not stated/asked. Later the rep for the implants then stated the implants were in route from another location. This is unacceptable, and I am glad that I was still in orientation at the time this occurred as it was a great learning experience for me. I learned how to write an incident report that day, and why the time out procedure is so important.

Resources

Huber, Diane. Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. Saunders, 10/2013. VitalBook file.

 

5-Health care delivery requires structure (staff, education, equipment, prospective data collection), and process (policies, procedure, protocols), which when integrated provide a system (programs, organizations, cultures) leading to outcomes (patient safety, quality, satisfaction). An effective health care system has all of these elements – structure, process, system, and patient outcomes in a framework of continuous quality improvement, or CQI (Kronich et al., 2015).

The purpose of QCI is to improve health care by identifying problems, implementing and monitoring corrective action and evaluating its effectiveness. Hospitals use a specific process to find areas in the health care delivery system that need improvement. When an area has been found, staff develop and implement strategies for improvement. General areas that are being studied include access to care, continuity of care, the intake process upon admission, emergency care, and adverse patient events, including all deaths (National Commission on Correctional Care, 2018).

In my previous position, working as a NICU RN, we initially did not use two RN’s to verify the content in the TPN-bags for each patient. Shortly after I started working at this facility, this change was implemented. The purpose was to catch medical errors from pharmacy that sadly was occurring more frequently. This new process of reading labels with another RN while verifying the content with the document from pharmacy, and then hanging the TPN required more time in the nurses’ day. In addition, all this was done toward the end of day-shift around 1730. This process resulted in stress among the RN’s and often overtime, which was not appreciated by management. Thankfully, a solution was found by changing the time of day TPN was delivered to the unit. By working together and brainstorming solutions, everyone was satisfied in the end; quality of care was improved, and the nurses were able to finish their duties in time.

Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT statement in your selected practice problem area of interest, which is applicable to your proposed capstone project.

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The first step of the EBP process is to develop a question from the nursing practice problem of interest.

Select a practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research.

Start with the patient and identify the clinical problems or issues that arise from clinical care.

Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT statement in your selected practice problem area of interest, which is applicable to your proposed capstone project.

The PICOT statement will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).

Conduct a literature search to locate research articles focused on your selected practice problem of interest. This literature search should include both quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your practice problem.

Select six peer-reviewed research articles which will be utilized through the next 5 weeks as reference sources. Be sure that some of the articles use qualitative research and that some use quantitative research. Create a reference list in which the six articles are listed. Beneath each reference include the article’s abstract. The completed assignment should have a title page and a reference list with abstracts.

Suggestions for locating qualitative and quantitative research articles from credible sources:

1. Use a library database such as CINAHL Complete for your search.

2. Using the advanced search page check the box beside “Research Article” in the “Limit Your Results” section.

3. When setting up the search you can type your topic in the top box, then add quantitative or qualitative as a search term in one of the lower boxes. Research articles often are described as qualitative or quantitative.

To narrow/broaden your search, remove the words qualitative and quantitative and include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example: Diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

· PICOT statement clearly articulates a nursing practice problem using substantial supporting information from numerous reliable sources.

· Six articles that address a selected nursing practice problem are listed in the literature search and include abstracts.

· Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

· Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

In patients with central lines, what is the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine bath compared to weekly or as needed dressing changes to reduce infection?

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In patients with central lines, what is the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine bath compared to weekly or as needed dressing changes to reduce infection?

Formulate a research question that you would like answered for your Literature Review Paper.

Conduct a literature search for your research question using the Individual Literature Search Worksheet Preview the documentprovided. Document your systematic search on the form, covering all steps listed below

STEP 1: Think About the Best Way to Search

STEP 2: Plan Your First Search

STEP 3: Begin Your Search

STEP 4: Refine Your Search

STEP 5: Refine Your Search Again

STEP 6: Search another Database

STEP 7: Reflection

Submit your detailed literature review worksheet.

Remember: Read through the articles carefully. Eliminate those not appropriate. It is suggested that you create a summary table. There is an example in the course text to help you organize your thoughts. Synthesize twelve or more full text research articles, beyond your textbooks, that are relevant to your research. Summarize what the studies reveal about your selected topic. Are there consistencies? Are there inconsistencies or “gaps?” Be sure to keep the table of information you developed and the twelve or more articles as you build on the course assignments. The table itself will not be part of the content in your paper; it may be included as Appendix A.

What does proficiency (and varying degrees of proficiency) of a task look like?

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Rubric Development

What is a Rubric?

  • A rubric is a set of scoring guidelines for judging the work of performance-based tasks.

The rubric answers the question:

What does proficiency (and varying degrees of proficiency) of a task look like?

A scaled set of criteria clearly defines for students and teachers what the range of acceptable/unacceptable performance looks like.

The criteria provide descriptions of each level of performance in terms of what students are able to do and assigns labels (e.g., excellent, proficient, unacceptable) to these levels.

Rubrics can be used to evaluate both process and content.

Rubrics can be created by teachers, students and/or other interested parties.

Rubric Attributes

Descriptors should use language that is maximally descriptive of each level of performance and its most defining characteristics.

Criterion referenced

The most important point on the scale to establish and define is the proficient level.

The number of points on the scale should be large enough to be effective but small enough to be reliable and manageable.

Descriptors of each point on the scale should represent a smooth continuum.

Analytic Scoring: Provides precise diagnostic information.

  • Reasons for use:
  • Provides concrete information about strengths and weaknesses.
  • Utilizes information to address the learners’ needs.

Rubric Types

HOLISTIC: A holistic rubric contains multiple categories and descriptions within each category. The assessor views the work being assessed as a whole.

PURPOSE-Gives the “Big Picture“

ADVANTAGES-Amount of work evaluated; Efficient

DISADVANTAGES-Lacks specificity; best used for benchmark assessments or program assessments

Holistic Rubric Scoring Example
TASK # 1: Measure the height of two seedlings and record results.
TASK # 2: Explain recorded measurements of growth pattern.

Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic
ALL CRITERIA ARE MET AND THE WORK EXCEEDS THE ASSIGNED TASK. WORK CONTAINS ADDITIONAL UNEXPECTED OR OUTSTANDING FEATURES. RESULTS MEET THE CRITERIA. RESULTS MEET SOME OF THE CRITERIA. DOES NOT COMPLETE THE TASK. SHOWS NO COMPREHENSION OF THE ACTIVITY.
Measurements are accurate. Data is systematically recorded. More than reasonable explanations are provided. Approximate measurements are recorded. Explanation for growth pattern is provided. Results are not recorded, but approximate measurements were used. Explanation relates to unit activities, but does not explain growth pattern. Results are not recorded. Inaccurate measurement procedures were used. No explanation is given or one that makes no sense.

Holistic Rubric –
Task: Assess your last restaurant dining experience

Item of Interest (Categories) Exceeded all expectations (Criteria) Met my expectations (Criteria) Mediocre (Criteria) Poor (Criteria)
Overall Experience

Rubric Types

ANALYTICAL: An analytical rubric looks at specific aspects of the work being assessed. The assessor judges the work by examining its elements.

PURPOSE-Provides specific feedback on level of performance of each element or component

ADVANTAGES-Analyzes each component; identifies needs and strengths

DISADVANTAGES-Time needed for use

Restaurant Visit
Analytical Rubric Scoring Example.

Item of Interest (Categories) Exceeded all expectations (Criteria) Met my expectations (Criteria) Mediocre (Criteria) Poor (Criteria)
  Service
  Quality of food
  Atmosphere
  Value
  Cleanliness
  Parking
  Overall Experience

Analytical Rubric Scoring Example [Breaks Assessment Task Into Parts]
TASK # 1: Measure the height of two seedlings and record the results.
TASK # 2: Explain recorded measurements of growth pattern.

Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic
TASK # 1: Measure the height of two seedlings and record results. Measurements are accurate. Data is systematically recorded. Approximate measurements are recorded. Results are not recorded, but approximate measurements were used. Results are not recorded. Inaccurate measurement procedures were used.
TASK # 2: Explain recorded measurements of growth pattern. More than reasonable explanations are provided. Explanation for growth pattern is provided. Explanation relates to unit activities, but does not explain growth patterns. No explanation is given or one that makes no sense.

ANALYTICAL SCORING SCALE FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

ANALYTIC SCORING SCALE COMMENTS
UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM 3: Complete understanding of the problem. 2: Minor misunderstanding of the problem. 1: Major misunderstanding of the problem. 0: Complete misunderstanding of the problem.
MAKING A PLAN 2: Plan is appropriate for problem. 1: Partially correct plan or a plan that could have property. 0: No attempt or totally inappropriate plan.
SOLVING THE PROBLEM 3: Correct answer. 2: Copying or computational error; partial answer. 1: Incorrect answer based on inappropriate plan. 0: No answer.
LOOKING BACK ON THE PROBLEM 2: Checks and extends answer; able to generalize results. 1: Checks and correctly labels answers. 0: Does not check for reasonableness of answer.

Steps in Creating a Rubric

  • Determine the criteria for the assessment:
  • Identify criteria that relate to the process and the content.
  • What are the levels of performance? What does “proficient” look like?
  • Describe the proficient level by brainstorming all the elements.

Steps in Creating a Rubric

  • Determine the essential categories in terms of performance behaviors, for example:
  • Content
  • Organization
  • Design

Steps in Creating a Rubric

  • Design learning performance assessment:
  • Focus on clear results.
  • Determine the performance that demonstrates achievement of the standard (process or product).

Steps in Creating a Rubric

  • Write descriptors for each of the categories in terms of performance behaviors:
  • Start with what “proficient” looks like.

Steps in Creating a Rubric

  • Write descriptors for scale levels in terms of performance behaviors, for example:
  • Advanced
  • Proficient
  • Basic
  • Below Basic

Tips for Developing Rubrics

Work with peers. It is always helpful to have someone react to and critique your assessments. It is especially helpful if you teach in the same area.

Start with a project or activity you have used before. When you start with something familiar you already have a pretty good idea of what you are looking for and what students’ work will look like.

Examine sample rubrics. Look at well-written examples in your subject area if available. If someone else’s statements are clear, you can adapt or modify some of the language.

Don’t expect perfection. View each rubric as a draft that will be improved upon after you have used it with students.

Start writing each rubric with what represents proficient.

Don’t try to assess everything in one task. Choose the three areas you are most concerned about for that performance task and assess them well. Focusing students’ attention on a few criteria will result in higher quality work.

Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.

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Overview

Create a 4 page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you.

For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization. Read each portion of the assessment carefully and use the Suggested Resources to help you complete the assessment. This assessment provides an opportunity to apply research skills to a current health care problem or issue.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.

· Identify academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a health care problem or issue and describe the criteria used for the literature search.

· Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography.

Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.

· Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.

· Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others, and that is consistent with expectations for health care professionals.

· Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

· Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.

Assessment Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach as described on Campus to aid your critical thinking.

1. View the Assessment Topic Areas media piece linked in the Resources and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview:

. Describe the health care problem or issue.

. Describe your interest in the topic.

. Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.

· Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used.

. You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help you in your search.

. Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.

· Assess the credibility of the information sources you find.

. Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.

. Determine if the publication is current.

. Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.

· Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past three to five years that relate to your topic.

· Explain the relevance of the information sources.

. Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.

. Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic.

· Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic.

. List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.

. Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.

. Follow the reference with the annotation.

· In your annotation:

. Identify the purpose of the article.

. Summarize the source:

. What are the main arguments?

. What topics are covered?

· Include the conclusions and findings of the article.

· Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length.

· In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your research.

· List the main points you learned about.

· Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.

Example Assessment: You may use the assessment example, linked in the Assessment Example section of the Resources, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

Additional Requirements

1. Length: At least 4 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.

2. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

3. APA Template: Use the APA Style Paper Template as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial for guidance. See the Resources for these documents.

4. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

5. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.

6. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.

7. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

8. Turnitin: Submit your assessment to Turnitin prior to grading. Then, only submit your final assessment to faculty for grading.

Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this assessment.

Please use this topic.

Topic 1: Limited Access to Healthcare

Short Description:

Consumers face barriers to healthcare access for assorted reasons. For example: due to geographic location, provider availability, transportation issues and mobility.

Potential Intervention Approaches:

· Healthcare information online

· Telemedicine

· In–home healthcare services

Keywords for Articles:

online health information seeking, health care access, health information systems, consumer health information, chronic disease, health information search, health seeking behavior, rural nursing