musical situations is through prestige effects. Simply being toldsomething about the reputation of the composer or the performer ofa particular piece can influence the degree to which people areprepared to engage with the music and rate it highly. For instance,Weick, Gilfillian, and Keith (1973) showed, in a cleverly controlledstudy, that members of a jazz orchestra rated the same piece ofmusic more or less highly, devoted more or less effort to learning it,and performed it more or less well according to the way in which thecomposer of the piece was described to them in a prerehearsalhandout (as a “serious” or “nonserious” jazz composer). In anotherstudy, teenagers rated the artistic merit of classical, New Age, andjazz compositions that were attributed to either male or femalecomposers (North, Colley, 8: Hargreaves, 2003). The authors foundthat the jazz excerpts were particularly gender stereotyped. Malesrated the excerpts attributed to females lower on artistic merit thanwhen the same excerpts were attributed to males. Female listenersrated the compositions of female composers higher on artistic andtechnical grounds than those of males. Every musical culture has asocially constructed hierarchy of values. For instance, withinclassical music, there is general consensus that J. S. Bach was abetter composer than Telemann, a prolific contemporary of Bach’s(Farnsworth, 1969). Membership in any musical culture entails makingdiscriminations and judgments that are generally in accord with theconsensus. But the criteria for value are different in different cultures, and they can shift over time within a culture. Cook (1998),for instance, has described how the Beethoven cult (which hedescribes as “the central pillar in the culture of classical music”) hascome under increasing attack in recent years. One of the mostimportant sources of “deconstruction” of Beethoven’s preeminenceis based on the insights brought to musicology through feministtheory (e.g., McClary, 1991}. From these perspectives much ofBeethoven’s music has been characterized as masculine, aggressive,and domineering. As early as 1882, Sir George Grove was talking(with obvious approval) of “the strong, fierce, merciless coercion,with which Beethoven forces you along, and bows and bends you tohis will.” In contemporary industrialized society, gender equality isincreasingly valued (and often enshrined in law), whereas maledominance is associated with unwanted outcomes, such as domesticviolence and sexual abuse. From such a cultural standpoint, thereare those who find it difficult today to take an unambiguouslypositive view of the “Beethoven cult”—at least on a theoretical level.The ability to engage knowledgeably with a body of music (orany other cultural product) and to be able to take part in informeddebates about the relative worth of different items is in itself animportant sign of social status. Possessing what has been called“cultural capital” (Bourdieu, 1979) allows a person to he accepted asa “connoisseur” within the domain (Frith, 1996). Many people whohave no significant performing skills have nonetheless becomeconnoisseurs of particular genres or styles of music. Sometimes

You are required to analyse two case studies. Chose 2 case studies from the 4 case studies provided.

(400 words max for each, total of 800 words together). This is a report

For each of the two case studies chosen write an ‘interpretation’ in which you comment on the case study using the business operations and systems management topics which will be provided in the attachment.

The marking criteria as well as the case studies will be in the attachment

Hi, need to submit a 1500 words paper on the topic Managing Organizational and Individual Change. One of the most common theory when it comes to the aspect of self-reflection is the positive psychology theory. The theory sums that every living individual has strengths that they are born with but very few people can identify and narrow down to these advantages. Through the approach, it is argued that once the self-identification of the strengths is done and matched very well to the role one plays then one can enjoy the character and perform better than his colleagues (Wade, 2015).&nbsp. In line with this theory in my life, I have developed some strengths which are relevant to managing change.&nbsp.At first, I was someone who could not quickly learn things, but after some case of analysis of myself during my first career, I developed the ability to learn new information and approaches, creative, become a&nbsp. goal-oriented person and with excellent leadership skills. I had to learn these skills as a way to ensure that I was able to adapt to the new environment in England. The talent will be necessary for my career in that it will enable me to learn and adapt to any anticipated management change in my area of specialization (Hill & Jones, 2008).&nbsp.The natural learning of new information has enabled me to adapt in England easily and continue execution of my day to day activities in a smooth way.&nbsp.In my past, I was also a person who was not very creative, but after a life long living and experiencing growth in different aspect and dimension, I have become a more creative person. In recent times can do some great thinking and come up with productive ways to handle things despite the change of environment when I landed in England. I can come up with creative ideas in which I can accommodate different people and systems in my line of career. Through the positive psychology, the theory can adapt to change in management if and only if am a person of originality, ingenious and quick to detect new perspectives which have been my advantage ever since I landed in England (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2011).&nbsp.The other two strengths of being goal oriented and leadership are supported by the theory in that they can be a catalyst in ensuring that my future career plans are attained. With a change in management, the approach further puts it that only individuals who are goal oriented will want to live and see the purpose accomplished (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2011). My earlier years of life and schooling I was not a goal oriented person but of now am a very determined person, and in spite of change in management, I will ensure tasks to be completed are done, and I have to strive and achieve my goals and at the same time tackle obstacles that come my way. I am a resilient person who quickly takes a positive attitude when encountered with work frustration and failure (Leslie, 2002).&nbsp.The positive psychology theory says that in general leaders are people who are consciously seeking and obtain leadership roles (Leslie, 2002).&nbsp. This is one of the weaknesses I have gathered over the years, and when it comes to change in management, I am likely not to take the lead and coordinate the team effort. Over time I have learned how to be able to persuade my fellow employees and engage them based on the logic of the situation at hand.&nbsp. This is likely to see my progress very well in my career as a not a confrontational and opinionated person. I do a lot of consultation among my seniors and peers this most of the time gives me an opportunity to understand and accommodate different diverging views on an issue (Hefferon, Kate, & Ilona, 2011. pp, 24-33).

Complete 6 pages APA formatted article: Global Strategy and Multinationals Entry Mode of Choice. The research question that is posed is the factors that lead to the entry of multinationals into foreign markets and the specific entry strategies that these multinationals adopt when entering these markets. The authors point out that, “The geocentric approach outlined by Perlmutter provided a succinct explanation for the existence of and benefits attached to managing subsidiary units not as a portfolio of independent units but as an interdependent network.” (Hwang, 1991). Hence the emphasis is on the strategy of multinationals in enhancing the profits of the company at large and not necessarily those of the subsidiary unit.

The article makes very relevant points about the nuts and bolts of decision making when it comes to entry into foreign markets. The article is an important contribution to the existing literature on how multinationals base their decisions on which markets to enter and the factors that go into this decision making process. For instance, the entry strategy of multinationals into a specific market might be dictated by considerations of geography and to counter completion from its international rivals. This is the strategy that the cola majors, Coke and Pepsi use to enter specific markets and the entry mode is often dictated by factors that include the rival’s business strategy and the geographical advantage of operating in a specific market.

The article tests the validity of the framework used in decision making by undertaking firm-level research by an empirical method that focuses on the micro as well as the macro factors. To quote from the article, “We test the importance of each variable in differentiating among distinct entry modes. the aim here is to gain a better choice.&nbsp.