Resources

As an introduction to the topics we will cover this week access and briefly review the web site displaying the COSO Framework for the Federal Government, referred to as the Green Book.

http://www.gao.gov/greenbook/overview

An example of a specialized audit and related procedures is displayed at the web page A-133 in the context of the Single Audit. Briefly read this page to see the scope and purpose of the audit.

https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/financial_fin_single_audit

Read AS 1305 Communications About Control Deficiency in an Audit of Financial Statements

https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AS1305.aspx

COSO 2013: A Reflection of the Times

The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) developed the authoritative Internal Control–Integrated Framework. The ‘cube’ is a well-known graphic when considering internal control. Learn more, including a summary of the 17 principles of the COSO Framework, in the brief article resented by the IA Internal Auditor by Larry E. Rittenberg, August 01, 2013t at

https://iaonline.theiia.org/coso-2013-a-reflection-of-the-times

This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin®.Instructions

Audit working papers are an integral part of an examination in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.

a. Describe major functions of the audit working papers.b. Distinguish between the permanent working paper file and the current working paper file.

Discussion: The Application of Data to Problem-Solving

In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge.

Of course, the nursing profession also relies heavily on data. The field of nursing informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the appropriate date to solve healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients, and add to knowledge.

In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and knowledge formation.

To Prepare:

· Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources.

· Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data? How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience?

Rubrics

Ø Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

Ø Supported by at least three current, credible sources.

Ø Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

Instructions

PowerPoint Presentation: Biology and Technology in the Real World (100 points)

Course Outcomes Addressed:

• recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems
• make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations
• weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method
• use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

1. Select one of the five topics below.

a) Genetically modified food. Your daughter comes home from school a little perplexed. In her home economics class, her teacher informed her that you have probably been feeding her genetically modified foods. She did not fully understand what was meant by genetically modified food. In an attempt to help her better understand, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you: 1) Explain the purpose of genetically engineering crop plants. 2) Explain how genetically modified foods are created, using the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. 3) Name a variety of foods in your supermarket which are or contain genetically modified foods. 4) Explain whether genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption. Support your answer. 5) List the types of regulations that exist for genetically modified foods. Support your answer. 6) Conclude with your opinion on whether genetically modified food should continue to be produced and consumed, based on information backed by reliable sources.

For help, you might search the Food and Drug Administration website.

b) Stem cells. Your friend suffered a spinal cord injury after a devastating car accident. The medical team has decided that your friend is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not taken a biology course since high school, so he asks you about stem cells. In order to help your friend make an informed decision about whether to enter the trial for stem cell therapy, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you: 1)Describe the biology of stem cells. 2) Describe how stem cells are unique from other cells. 3) Contrast the different types of stem cells. 4) List the pros and cons for each type of stem cell. 5) Explain how stems cells can be used to treat spinal cord injuries, including information from at least one research study or clinical trial. 6) Conclude with your opinion on whether your friend shouldenlist in the clinical trial based on information backed by reliable sources.

The following website from NIH regarding stem cell research will be very helpful: http://stemcells.nih.gov/index.asp

c) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil and gas industry is turning more to the use of hydraulic fracturing and tar sands to extract natural gas and oil. Because you are such a conscientious biology student, a friend asks you, “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?” Showcasing your knowledge on the topic, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you: 1) Explainthe process of hydraulic fracturing. 2) Explain the process of tar sands extractions. 3) Describe the environmental issues* that may result from hydraulic fracturing. 4) Describe the environmental issues* that may result from tar (oil) sands. *Environmental issues that should be addressed involve water, air and soil pollution, with a special focus on global climate change; effects on human health; effects on other species and natural ecosystems. 5) Explain why the environmental issues are controversial. 6) Conclude with your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental issues, with your solutions backed you information from reliable sources.

The following websites from EPA may be helpful: http://www2.epa.gov/hydraulicfracturing

d) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion: https://www.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8 . In order to further educate them on the CRISPR process, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you: 1) Explain what “CRISPR” is. 2) Explain the role that Cas9 plays in the CRISPR process. 3) Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system snips and replaces any DNA sequence. 4) Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system differs from other gene editing tools. 5) List the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing.Include specific examples. 6) Conclude with your opinion on whether the inherent risksofmodifying animal DNAisworth the reward, with your reasoningbacked byinformation from reliable sources.

e) Vaccines.Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. In order to help him make an informed decision about whether to allow his son to be vaccinated, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you: 1) Explain how vaccines work. 2) Briefly contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques. 3) List some of the diseases that babies and children in the USA are routinely vaccinated against. 4) Share how vaccinations have impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years. 5) List reasons why people are worried about allowing their children to be vaccinated, including any scientific evidence to support these concerns. 6) Conclude with advice to your friend regarding vaccinating his son, based on what you learned from reliable information sources.

2. Find at least five articles related to one of the topics chosen from above (You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMUC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science), and then create a PowerPoint presentation according to the following criteria:

Ecommerce business.

(No copy, No plagiarism – Turnitin check)

10 pages minimum.

Business will start in January 2021.

Company’s name: ProPrebiotics

Dead line: June 04, 2020 – 9 am – Pacific time – California time

1. Executive Summary (While appearing first, this section is written last.)

Tell the story

• What is the main objective of the business?

• What is the business opportunity? (Describe the need, problem etc)

• What is the solution? (How will the need or problem be addressed?)

• What is the target market?

• What are the overall expectations?

• Size the market

• What is the go-to market strategy? (How can you get access to the market and expand)

• Business model-Briefly describe the business mechanics

• Marketing and sales

2. Mission Statement (Ready)

We are committed to bringing a memorable experience focusing on a healthy lifestyle for the greatest number of people with excellence in products and services.

Our natural solutions are safety designed with the best natural ingredients promoting digestive, metabolic and immune health that allows a healthy balance around daily activities for our customers.

3. Industry background

· Describe the industry, market and the competitive environment.

· Difference between Probiotics vs. Prebiotics

3.1 Keys to success

· Define what you could define as your key to success

Market share, profitable, etc

4. Services / Products (Describe both) (400 words minimum)

a. What is it?

Physician-formulated synbiotic Product (Probiotics & Prebiotics combined)

Non-GMO / Low calorie / Vegan / Natural / Organic (when is possible) / Gluten Free, Soy Free, Nut Free, Yeast Free / No Artificial Colors, artificial Flavors, Sweeteners or Preservatives; Room Temperature Stable; No Refrigeration Required; Made in the USA

50 Billion CFUs and 15 clinically studied strains

• 3 ways of consumption: Capsules, powder, Stick pack

Capsule – 60; 90 or 120 units (take twice a day)

Cost $40 / $50 / $65

Powder – 30 servings – (226g – 8oz) – Cost $40

3 Flavors: Lemonade; Raspberry; Flavorless

Stick pack powder – 30; 45 or 60 units – 0.05oz – 1.5g) each pack

Cost/price $40 / $50 / $65

3 Flavors: Lemonade; Raspberry; Flavorless

Service: VIP members – through website Subscription. Members will get information about health, diet and travel…. Product discounts. ($17/month (60% add to cart, Stick rate 4 Months)

— Information site / partnerships (zero cost of product)

b. How do you sell it and at what price? (Describe how ecommerce works to sell probiotics supplements. Advantages and disadvantages ecommerce for this market)

Through company website and Amazon.

c. Describe the unique characteristics compared to competitors and alternatives.

5. The business model (400 words minimum)

i. How do you make money?

ii. What are the metrics that help you make money? (Repeat customers, renewals, avg sales per customer etc)

6. Opportunity

• Expand upon with more detail than the executive summary

• What is the problem

• What is the solution

• What is your target market? (Describe what, why, how, when)

Target Market / Marketing Segmentation

– Primary – Female and Male – age 24 – 40

– Secondary – Women 45 – 54 / Men 55 – 64

– Start operation in North America (U.S.). Following years in Brazil, Europe (France, UK), and Asian (China, India, Japan) markets.

• What is the competition or alternatives to the solution? (Describe Minimum 250 words)

7. Execution Plan (describe marketing plan and sales strategy)

7.1. The marketing strategy: defines what you want to achieve and is the part of your business plan that defines your “go to market” (customers, product, engagement) and defines “success”. A marketing plan is a business document that details and outlines your business marketing strategy. (400 words minimum)

7.2. Sales strategy (describe how the company will drive sales strategy)

7.2.a. Website

7.2.b. Social media is something that every business plan needs to address (Define how you plan to utilize social media to connect with customers/potential customers).

It should be multifacete (ie using multiple platforms Facebook, Instagram and Blog partnership).

7.3. Advertising (How will the company advertise it)

8. Operation Plan / strategic plan

• The operations plan is you tool to carry out the strategic plan that is developed in the business case model

• It should be aligned to accomplish the goals set forth in the overall plan relative to:

• Revenue (Market share, go to market strategy etc)

• Expenses (Marketing advertising and operating expenses)

• Profitability

Define what are the most important goals

• Keep it simple and understandable so everyone can understand what the goals are

• Complexity makes it harder for everyone to understand how they can help achieve goals

• Focus on:

• Organizational structure to achieve goals

• Quality measure and concrete measures in progress/attainment of goals

Use leading – not lagging – indicators

• Develop KPI (key performance indicators) that are actionable

• Examples of leading indicators:

• Customer satisfaction

• Online reviews

• Employee turnover

• Lagging indicators

• Inventory turns

• Days sales outstanding

• Gross margins

• The KPI’s and metrics will help guide the company

• It is important to have a balanced approach to KPI’s to:

• Communicate what needs to be accomplished (strategy)

• Align the day-to-day work with the strategy

• Prioritize projects, products, and services

• Measure and monitor progress towards strategic targets

Must have/answer:

– What is an operations plan?

– The operations plan should serve as a guide for operating the organization that ensures goals are met.

– Who should be working on what? (Structure, responsibilities)

– CMO: He will be responsible for planning, developing, implementing and monitoring marketing strategies and sales.

– COO: She will be responsible for designing, implementing and overseeing operations of the company, establishing polices that promote company culture, customer relations management, supplies, sales and website.

– 3 people to work remotely in customer service. One to be hired after 6 months after the company started its activities, and two in the second year.

– How will you allocate resources on a given task? (Priorities/strategy)

– How will you measure operational effectiveness? (KPI’s/Metrics)

– Monitor performance to the plan. How? Why?

** Steps to develop the Operations plan:

1. Start with your strategic plan.
2. Focus on your most important goals.
3. Use both leading and lagging indicators.
4. Develop KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators) with a broad perspective.
5. Communication and continuous feedback.

9. SWOT ANALYSIS

• Focus on internal (Strengths and Weaknesses)

• And external (Opportunities and Threat)

• SWOT Analysis is a simple but useful framework for analyzing strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats that you face. It helps you focus on your strengths, minimize threats, and take the greatest possible advantage of opportunities available to you.

• Be proactive and understand what is working well and what is an area to improve upon on where issues might arise.

INTERNAL FOCUS (MICRO)

• Current performance

• Brand power

• Cost structure

• Product portfolio

• R&D pipeline

• Technical mastery

• Employee skills

• Company culture

EXTERNAL FOCUS (MACRO)

• Customers

• Pricing constraints

• Competitors

• Distribution issues

• Technology

• Macroeconomy

• Regulation

• Workstyle trends

• Major uncertainties

• Suppliers

• Potential partners

10. Competitors (Analyze the company’s advantages and disadvantages compared to the main competitors)

Mainly competitors:

– Ora (www.ora.organic.com)

– GoLive (https://golivebewell.com/)

– Hum (https://www.humnutrition.com/)

– Primalharvest (https://primalharvest.com/products/primal-probiotics?variant=31647334793295&gclid=CjwKCAjw8df2BRA3EiwAvfZWaH3fe0G4fXmsGZ08GhB50aea3gHVoLEj04XI1koc2bzMEDbYEDhRkhoCB7MQAvD_BwE)

– BiomeMD (https://1md.org/product/biome-md-shopping?tr=l9YYYYl&gclid=CjwKCAjw8df2BRA3EiwAvfZWaLT0L8OtVUe-cwJVZEtBYkhkheHNIeXDdzOzj5ZHoC62lokIB1qCAhoC364QAvD_BwE)

– Puori (https://puori.com/products/sb3-probiotics-prebiotics?variant=30342593347677&currency=USD&utm_medium=product_sync&utm_source=google&utm_content=sag_organic&utm_campaign=sag_organic&gclsrc=aw.ds&?utm_campaign=gs-2020-02-25&utm_source=google&utm_medium=smart_campaign&gclid=CjwKCAjw8df2BRA3EiwAvfZWaHJnjEPK6_hbC-2CpSCO27_AVADgH7rudUm1a91ZQGnkXaJdv3Y3bhoCDGAQAvD_BwE

References to help: (Add more references)

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200428005487/en/Global-Probiotics-Market-2020-2024—Vendors#:~:text=The probiotics market is poised,analysis covering around 25 vendors.

https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/global-probiotics-market—growth-trends-and-forecast-2020—2025-2020-05-01?tesla=y

https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/probiotics-market

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/02/06/1981205/0/en/Probiotics-Market-To-Reach-USD-78-3-Billion-By-2026-Reports-And-Data.html

https://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/probiotics-prebiotics/prebiotic-versatility-bodes-well-market