To prepare:

Review the Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research chapters assigned in this week’s Learning Resources. Pay close attention to the examples presented, as they provide information that will be useful when you complete the software exercise this week. You may also wish to review the Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice video resources to familiarize yourself with the software.

Refer to the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page and follow the directions to calculate descriptive statistics for the data provided using SPSS software. Download and save the Polit2SetA.sav data set. You will open the data file in SPSS.

Compare your data output against the tables presented in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics SPSS Output document. This will enable you to become comfortable with defining variables, entering data, and creating tables and graphs.

Formulate an initial interpretation of the meaning or implication of your calculations.

To complete:

Complete the Part I, Part II, and Part III steps and Assignment as outlined in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page.

Part I

Using the Polit2SetA data set, run descriptive statistics on the following variables: respondent’s age (age) and highest school grade completed (higrade). Create a frequency distribution for the variables: race and ethnicity (racethn) and currently employed (worknow). Create a table (in APA format) summarizing the results, using the below table shell as a model. Write a paragraph summarizing the information in the table.

Table 1. Demographic Data (N = 30)

n % M (SD)

Age (in years)     30  15(2.4)

Highest School Grade Completed  29  11(1.2)

Race and Ethnicity

Black, Not Hispanic    14 (46.67)

Hispanic       8 (26.67)

White, Not Hispanic      6 (20.0)

Other        2 (6.66)

Currently Employed

Yes      27 (90)

No        3 (10)

Note. Differences in sample size are due to missing data.

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

1. Open Polit2SetA data set.

2. Click on Analyze, then click on Descriptives Statistics, then Descriptives.

3. Click on the first continuous variable you wish to obtain descriptives for (respondent’s age), and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click on highest school grade completed and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box.

4. Click on the Options button in the upper-right corner. Click on mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and skewness.

5. Click on Continue and then click on OK.

To run the frequency distribution in SPSS, do the following:

1. Click on Analyze, then click on Descriptive Statistics, then Frequencies.

2. Click on the first categorical variable you wish to obtain a frequency for (race and ethnicity), and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click on currently employed, and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Click on the Statistics button in the upper-right corner, then in the Dispersion box click on Minimum and Maximum.

3. Click on Continue and then click on OK.

Assignment: Create a table (in APA format) summarizing the results, using the below table shell as a model. Write a paragraph summarizing the information in the table.

Part II

For the variables respondent’s age (age) and highest school grade completed (higrade) create a histogram with a normal curve displayed over the histogram.

To create a histogram for respondent’s age in SPSS, do the following:

1. Click on Graphs, then on Legacy Dialogs, then Histogram.

2. Click on the variable respondent’s age and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Click on the Display Normal Curve button, which is right below the Variables box.

3. Click on OK.

To create a histogram for highest school grade completed in SPSS, do the following:

1. Click on Graphs, then on Legacy Dialogs, then Histogram.

2. Click on respondent’s age in the Variable box and click the arrow to move it back to the box on the left that contains all the variables.

3. Click on the variable highest school grade completed and then click the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. The Display Normal Curve button should alredy be on.

4. Click on OK.

Assignment: Using the data obtained when you ran the descriptives and the histograms, determine whether the data skewed. If so, is it a positive or negative skew?

Part III

Using the Polit2SetA data set, run descriptive statistics on the variable “Family Income Prior Month, all sources” (Income).

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

1. Click on Analyze, then click on Descriptives Statistics, then Descriptives.

2. Click on Family Income Prior Month, all sources, and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box.

3. Click on the Options button in the upper-right corner. Click on mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, S.E. Mean (standard error of the mean), and skewness.

4. Click on Continue and then click on OK.

Assignment: Using the descriptive statistics for Family Income Prior Month, all sources (Income), answer the following questions:

1. What is the mean income in this sample?

2. What is the standard deviation?

3. What is the standard error of the mean?

4. Compute a 95% confidence interval around the mean. (Use 1.96 for the 95% CI and get the standard error from the descriptive statistics table). The formula is as follows:

95% CI = [mean ± (1.96 ´ SE)]

5. Compute a 99% confidence interval around the mean. (Use 2.58 for the 99% CI and get the standard error from the descriptive statistics table). The formula is as follows:

99% CI = [mean ± (2.58 ´ SE)]

6. Which interval is wider? Explain.

Review the corresponding Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Exercises SPSS Output document that has the SPSS output for the above problems. Compare your output with the output in the file.

REFERENCES

aureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Quantitative research: Data analysis. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Polit, D. (2010). Statistics and data analysis for nursing research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

· Chapter 1, “Introduction to Data Analysis in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”

Most environmental health issues involve a variety of elements with overlapping or distinct causes, stakeholder groups, and solutions. Selecting an important, specific element of the issue is essential when formulating realistic ways to address and improve the environmental issue. This specific aspect of the issue is known as the problem and can be defined in a concise problem statement. The problem statement includes the purpose of the problem-solving effort, defines its scope, and states the specific objective of the problem-solving effort in the form of a question.

The three elements of the statement are—explaining how things should be; identifying a significant gap; and asking a question about one major way to improve the current situation. For example:

• The food you purchase should be free from levels of pesticide residues that are hazardous to human health, but many commercially used pesticides have not been tested using newer techniques to detect harm that they may cause during prenatal development or childhood. Should the EPA require that pesticides used on food crops be reevaluated using the new tests to ensure that children are fully protected, and if so, which tests?
• Employees who work with lead have a right to expect that their health will be protected if their workplace adheres to the OSHA lead standard, but the OSHA lead standard has not been updated since 1978, despite a great deal of new epidemiologic and toxicologic research about lead toxicity. Should the OSHA lead standard be revised, and if so, what should the new provisions be?
• Consumers often trust that products and services that they purchase are safe unless they are advised otherwise. Recently, nail salons have been the focus of worker safety initiatives because they use hazardous chemicals such as methacrylates, acetates, toluene, and formaldehydes. Are consumers adequately protected from hazardous chemicals when they receive services in nail salons?

The process of developing a problem statement is extremely useful because you will choose a defined focus, which will guide the rest of the work leading to a proposed solution to the problem.

For this assignment:

• Choose a specific aspect of the topic that you selected last week as your problem.
• Define the environmental or occupational problem affecting human populations that you will analyze for your final project.
• Write your problem statement in 2–3 sentences in a Microsoft Word document. These sentences should be questions that you intend to explore in your research paper.
• Justify, in 3 to 5 double-spaced pages, why you chose to focus your analysis of this multifaceted issue to the specific problem as stated in your problem statement.

Submissions Details:

 

A health care organization may have highly qualified doctors and nurses who meet quality indicators for technical quality; however, due to a lack of communication, empathy, and scheduled office hours, patient satisfaction is low. In the corporate world, the phrase “the customer is always right” is frequently used to emphasize the importance of meeting the needs and expectations of the consumer. How does this approach apply to health care?
Health care industries are now using quality improvement models that are very business-centric to improve the quality of care delivery, patient satisfaction, and safety. In this Discussion, you evaluate various quality improvement models and determine which model would best be applied in your practice setting to address a specific need. You also develop a mission statement for addressing the practice problem.
To prepare:

• Reflect      on the various quality improvement models and their application in health      care presented in the Learning Resources.
• Evaluate      the advantages and disadvantages of each model.
• Consider      how these models have been, or could be, applied in your practice setting.
• Based      on your selected area of need, define a practice problem and create a      corresponding mission statement.
• Investigate      baseline data, and evaluate why this practice problem is a priority for      improvement. Ask yourself: How does this practice problem in my      organization compare to other organizations?

By tomorrow 01/03/2018 by 5pm New/York America time, post a minimum of 550 words essay in APA format with at least 2 references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below: 

post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Summarize any practice problem (hospital acquired-infections or handwashing) relevant to your setting (hospital setting) of interest and share a potential measurable goal for a QI (Quality Improvement) team. Be sure to include the data that justifies why you feel a change is needed in this specific area.

2) Explain how the PDSA (Plan to Do Study Act) model might be applied, giving specific reasoning as to why this model best fits the needs of your practice problem. Describe how the practice problem you describe might be of interest to any accreditation initiative.