Which of the following create a higher risk for digoxin toxicity? Both the cause and the reason for it must be correct.

Question

Question 1 1 / 1 point

Ray has been diagnosed with hypertension and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is determined to be needed. Prior to prescribing this drug, the NP should assess for:

Question options:

Hypokalemia

Impotence

Decreased renal function

Inability to concentrate

Question 2 1 / 1 point

Which of the following create a higher risk for digoxin toxicity? Both the cause and the reason for it must be correct.

Question options:

Older adults because of reduced renal function

Administration of aldosterone antagonist diuretics because of decreased potassium levels

Taking an antacid for gastroesophageal reflux disease because it increases the absorption of digoxin

Doses between 0.25 and 0.5 mg/day

Question 3 1 / 1 point

Juanita had a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and was on heparin in the hospital and was discharged on warfarin. She asks her primary care provider NP why she was getting both medications while in the hospital. The best response is to:

Question options:

Contact the hospitalist as this is not the normal guideline for prescribing these two medications and she may have had a more complicated case.

Explain that warfarin is often started while a patient is still on heparin because warfarin takes a few days to reach effectiveness.

Encourage the patient to contact the Customer Service department at the hospital as this was most likely a medication error during her admission.

Draw anticoagulation studies to make sure she does not have dangerously high bleeding times.

Question 4 1 / 1 point

Robert, age 51 years, has been told by his primary care provider (PCP) to take an aspirin a day. Why would this be recommended?

Question options:

He has arthritis and this will help with the inflammation and pain.

Aspirin has anti-platelet activity and prevents clots that cause heart attacks.

Aspirin acidifies the urine and he needs this for prostrate health.

He has a history of GI bleed, and one aspirin a day is a safe dosage.

Question 5 1 / 1 point

Education of patients who are taking warfarin includes discussing their diet. Instructions include:

Question options:

Avoiding all vitamin K-containing foods

Avoiding high-vitamin K-containing foods

Increasing intake of iron-containing foods

Making sure they eat 35 grams of fiber daily

Question 6 0 / 1 point

Pernicious anemia is treated with:

Question options:

Folic acid supplements

Thiamine supplements

Vitamin B12

Iron

Question 7 1 / 1 point

Valerie presents to the clinic with menorrhagia. Her hemoglobin is 10.2 and her ferritin is 15 ng/mL. Initial treatment for her anemia would be:

Question options:

18 mg/day of iron supplementation

6 mg/kg per day of iron supplementation

325 mg ferrous sulfate per day

325 mg ferrous sulfate tid

Question 8 1 / 1 point

Kyle has Crohn’s disease and has a documented folate deficiency. Drug therapy for folate deficiency anemia is:

Question options:

Oral folic acid 1 to 2 mg per day

Oral folic acid 1 gram per day

IM folate weekly for at least 6 months

Oral folic acid 400 mcg daily

Question 9 1 / 1 point

Angina is produced by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply (MOS) and demand (MOD) in the myocardium. Which of the following drugs help to correct this imbalance by increasing MOS?

Question options:

Calcium channel blockers

Beta blockers

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Aspirin

Question 10 1 / 1 point

The rationale for prescribing calcium blockers for angina can be based on the need for:

Question options:

Increased inotropic effect in the heart

Increasing peripheral perfusion

Keeping heart rates high enough to ensure perfusion of coronary arteries

Help with rate control

Question 11 1 / 1 point

Which of the following drugs has been associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction in women?

Question options:

Aspirin

Beta blockers

Estrogen replacement

Lipid-lowering agents

Question 12 1 / 1 point

Increased life expectancy for patients with heart failure has been associated with the use of:

Question options:

ACE inhibitors, especially when started early in the disease process

All beta blockers regardless of selectivity

Thiazide and loop diuretics

Cardiac glycosides

Question 13 1 / 1 point

Digoxin has a very limited role in treatment of heart failure. It is used mainly for patients with:

Question options:

Ejection fractions above 40%

An audible S3

Mitral stenosis as a primary cause for heart failure

Renal insufficiency

Question 14 1 / 1 point

Which of the following classes of drugs is contraindicated in heart failure?

Question options:

Nitrates

Long-acting dihydropyridines

Calcium channel blockers

Alpha-beta blockers

Question 15 1 / 1 point

What is considered the order of statin strength from lowest effect to highest?

Question options:

Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin

Rosuvastatin, Lovastatin, Atorvastatin

Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin

Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin

Question 16 1 / 1 point

First-line therapy for hyperlipidemia is:

Question options:

Statins

Niacin

Lifestyle changes

Bile acid-binding resins

Question 17 1 / 1 point

Han is a 48-year-old diabetic with hyperlipidemia and high triglycerides. His LDL is 112 mg/dL and he has not tolerated statins. He warrants a trial of a:

Question options:

Sterol

Niacin

Fibric acid derivative

Bile acid-binding resin

Question 18 1 / 1 point

Hypertensive African Americans are typically listed as not being as responsive to which drug groups?

Question options:

ACE inhibitors

Calcium channel blockers

Diuretics

Bidil (hydralazine family of medications)

Question 19 0 / 1 point

Because of its action on various body systems, the patient taking a thiazide or loop diuretic may also need to receive the following supplement:

Question options:

Potassium

Calcium

Magnesium

Phosphates

Question 20 1 / 1 point

An ACE inhibitor and what other class of drug may reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetes better than either drug alone?

Question options:

Beta blockers

Diuretics

Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Angiotensin II receptor blockers