1. What factors must a researcher consider in selecting an existing instrument for use in a study?

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Part One: Please begin by responding to the following questions.

1. What factors must a researcher consider in selecting an existing instrument for use in a study?
2. How does a researcher locate an existing instrument?

Part Two: Search and locate an existing instrument that will be used to address your research question. Post the title of the instrument selected and the level of measurement on the tool. Next, post a description of the type of scale used in the instrument. Include a brief discussion of data collection procedures that will be presented in your proposal.

Provide constructive, supportive feedback to your classmates’ posts.

. Explain the relationship between fear and health identified by the researchers in the article. Do you agree that structural violence perpetuates health disparity?

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According to the assigned article, “Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes,” narratives tell the story of the interconnectedness between fear and health. Thematically, the issue of fear is a dominant feature that affects how an individual approaches day-to-day living and health. Explain the relationship between fear and health identified by the researchers in the article. Do you agree that structural violence perpetuates health disparity?

. How do teaching principles, varied learning styles (for both nurses and patients), and teaching methodologies impact the approach to education?

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Diversity among individuals, as well as cultures, provides a challenge for nurses when it comes to delivering meaningful health promotion and illness prevention-based education. How do teaching principles, varied learning styles (for both nurses and patients), and teaching methodologies impact the approach to education? How do health care providers overcome differing points of view regarding health promotion and disease prevention? Provide an example.

  How would you use nursing theory to improve advanced clinical practice? 

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Some nurses say that theory has no role in advance clinical practice.  How would you use nursing theory to improve advanced clinical practice?  Be sure to include an example that demonstrates your thoughts.  Don’t forget to include a scholarly reference

at least 300 words and has to have one scholarly source that is within 5 years..

When trying to design a database, how would you identify the functional dependencies associated with a relational database?

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Due 11/23/16 @8:00 100% original work 400-600 words with at least 2 references APA format

 

The use of an Access database has become very common over the last 10 years. Access is the preferred desktop database because server databases such as structured query language (SQL) and others are too complex and are better to house data for an entire organization. Discuss the following:

 

  • Explain why SQL or Access is better suited for an entire organization.
  • When trying to design a database, how would you identify the functional dependencies associated with a relational database?
  • Identify at least 5 relevant concepts that are specific business and industry needs.

 

Dimensional modeling is related to normalization of data. Discuss the following:

 

  • List 8 factors that would be important to customer identification using the dimensional model.
  • Explain why data should be consistent among customers.

Explain case mix and why it is important in evaluating different health care providers.

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To help you to better understand why case mix is important to managed care and reimbursement methods; here are some fictional heart attack mortality rates for three different hospitals. Consider the national average for heart attack death rates to be 16%.

Hospital

Mortality Rate

National Mortality Rate

Hospital A

16.1%

16%

Hospital B

18.6%

Hospital C

15.7%

Part I

Write a brief report in which you answer the following questions:

Explain case mix and why it is important in evaluating different health care providers.
Refer to the table of heart attack mortality rates for Hospitals A, B, and C. From your reading this week, what variables might be impacting the rates in the table? Please explain and discuss the use of data analysis for evaluating this kind of information.
Part II

You are a staff member at Hospital B, which has the worst mortality rate from heart attacks as seen in the table. Imagine that the administrator for Hospital B has asked you to appear at a Press Conference to share your knowledge about case mix.

Hospital

Mortality Rate

National Mortality Rate

Hospital A

16.1%

16%

Hospital B

18.6%

Hospital C

15.7%

After participating in the Press Conference, write a 1-page summary to explain the use of date for decision-making purposes, and how the technology department performs critical core business processes essential to the managed care organization.

discuss the most typical community-acquired pathogens involved with each of these illnesses. Include some comments related to potential cultural influences on managing the illnesses. Provide evidence for your response as a reference.

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Differentiate between the presenting signs of symptoms of a 55-year-old suffering from acute bronchitis and a 55-year-old suffering from pneumonia. In your response, discuss the most typical community-acquired pathogens involved with each of these illnesses. Include some comments related to potential cultural influences on managing the illnesses. Provide evidence for your response as a reference.

compare and contrast the health status of the minority group you have selected to the national average.

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Analyze the health status of a specific minority group. Select a minority group that is represented in the United States (examples include: American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.)

 

In an essay of 750-1,000 words, compare and contrast the health status of the minority group you have selected to the national average. Consider the cultural, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical barriers to health. How do race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education influence health for the minority group you have selected? Address the following in your essay:

  1. What is the current health status of this minority group?
  2. How is health promotion defined by the group?
  3. What health disparities exist for this group?

What factors must be assessed when critically appraising quantitative studies (e.g., validity, reliability, and applicability)? Which is the most important? Why?

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Provide a 200 word response to the below discussion question answer in apa format with in-text citations and references:

 

Discussion Answer:

According to the Institute of Medicine IOM’s 2001 report envisioning the National Healthcare Quality Report, three major criteria were proposed for measure selection:

  • Importance of what is being measured (Applicability)
    • Impact on health. What is the impact on health associated with this problem?
    • Meaningfulness. Are policy makers and consumers concerned about this area?
    • Susceptibility to being influenced by the health care system. Can the health care system meaningfully address this aspect or problem?
  • Scientific soundness of the measure (Validity)
    • Validity. Does the measure actually measure what it is intended to measure?
    • Reliability. Does the measure provide stable results across various populations and circumstances?
    • Explicitness of the evidence base. Is there scientific evidence available to support the measure?
  • Feasibility of using the measure
    • Existence of prototypes. Is the measure in use?
    • Availability of required data across the system. Can information needed for the measure be collected in the scale and time frame required?
    • Cost or burden of measurement. How much will it cost to collect the data needed for the measure?
  • Capacity of data and measure to support subgroup analyses. Can the measure be used to compare different groups of the population?

The 2001 IOM committee indicated that the three criteria, as listed above, provide a hierarchy by which measures should be considered.

Therefore according to this article Applicability would have priority to be given to measures evaluated for importance and scientific soundness and then by feasibility.

For example, the committee stated:

Measures that address important areas and are scientifically sound, but are not feasible in the immediate future, deserve potential inclusion in the data set and further consideration. However, measures that are scientifically sound and feasible, but do not address an important problem area, would not qualify for the report regardless of the degree of feasibility or scientific soundness.

 

Original Question:

What factors must be assessed when critically appraising quantitative studies (e.g., validity, reliability, and applicability)? Which is the most important? Why?