What do we mean by data standards? Give five examples of current data standards that are being used. What is their purpose?

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Healthcare Information Technology and Standards

The  ability to exchange and use health information electronically is  important in order to improve healthcare quality and safety.  Interoperability is critical to future exchange of health data to reduce  medical errors, improve quality, and contribute to medical research. In  order for this to happen, it is necessary to come to agreement on a  variety of data standards. It is also critical that health data is  secure from all types of threats and technological vulnerabilities.

Using  the South University Online Library or the Internet, research about  healthcare IT and their standards. Based on your research and  understanding, respond to the following:

  • What are the five main core development areas for Health IT?
  • What do we mean by data standards? Give five examples of current data standards that are being used. What is their purpose?
  • What is needed to achieve interoperability between all providers?  What types of network standards are necessary in addition to data  standards?
  • What has been the role of Office of the National Coordinator (ONC)  for Health IT in data standards and interoperability? What is the  Nationwide Health Information Network?
  • How do the standards in the EHR systems and interoperability  networks impact the working environment of healthcare professionals?
  • What are the ways health organizations will need to protect health  data from threats (man-made and natural disaster) and technological  vulnerabilities?

2. Consider how a hypothetical database could be created to assist with this clinically based patient problem. Identify and describe the data needed to manage this patient problem using information from the electronic health record (EHR).

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Paper must be written in APA, original, correct in-text citation and good English. Please pay keen attention to the questions asked. Answer all question asked sensibly.

For this assignment, write a 1,000-1,250 word paper in which you

1. Select a clinically based patient problem in which using a database management approach provides clear benefit potential.

2. Consider how a hypothetical database could be created to assist with this clinically based patient problem. Identify and describe the data needed to manage this patient problem using information from the electronic health record (EHR).

3. Include a brief description of the patient problem that incorporates information needed to manage the specific problem. Describe what information is required for the patient to manage the condition and how the database and health care provider can be incorporated into the approach for better health outcomes.

4. Describe each entity (data or attribute) that will be pulled from the EHR as either structured or unstructured and provide an operational definition for each. Structured data is more easily searchable and specifically defined. For example, structured data can be placed in a drop-down menu like hair color: brown, black, grey, salt and pepper, blonde, platinum, etc. Unstructured data is data that would be included in a nurse’s notes. An operational definition is how a researcher or informatics specialist decides to measure a variable. For example, when the nurses enter height into the EHR, do they enter height as measured in inches or centimeters or in feet and inches?

5. Provide a complete description of data entities (the objects for which you seek information, i.e., patients) and their relationships to the attributes collected for each entity (data collected for each entity, i.e., gender, birthdate, first name, last name, etc.) that apply to the hypothetical database. You can use a concept map similar to the “Database Concept Map” resource, to help you describe the relationships between each entity and its attributes.

Reflect on problems, inefficiencies, and critical issues within a specific department, unit, or area in your organization or one with which you are familiar. Select one issue as a focal point for this assignment, and consider a change that could be made to address the issue.

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Application: Planned Change in a Department or Unit

Health care organizations are continuously immersed in change from the emergence of new policies, to promote quality care and improve patient safety to keeping pace with the rapid growth in knowledge and best practices. Establishing a solid framework for planning and implementing change is a wise move, as it provides a foundation for the extensive coordination that will be needed to successfully facilitate the change.

For this Assignment, you propose a change at the department or unit level and develop a plan for guiding the change effort.

To prepare:

· Review Chapter 8 in the course text. Focus on Kurt Lewin’s change theory, and contrast it with other classic change models and strategies.

· Reflect on problems, inefficiencies, and critical issues within a specific department, unit, or area in your organization or one with which you are familiar. Select one issue as a focal point for this assignment, and consider a change that could be made to address the issue.

· Think about how the change would align with the organization’s mission, vision, and values as well as relevant professional standards.

· Using one of the change models or strategies discussed in Chapter 8, begin formulating a plan for implementing the change within the department/unit. Outline the steps that you and/or others should follow to facilitate the change effort. Align these steps to the change model or strategy you selected.

· Determine who should be involved in initiating and managing the change. Consider the skills and characteristics that are necessary to facilitate this change effort.

To complete:

Write a 3- to 5-page paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that addresses the following:

· Identify a problem, inefficiency, or issue within a specific department/unit.

· Describe a specific, realistic change that could be made to address the issue.

· Summarize how the change would align with the organization’s mission, vision, and values as well as relevant professional standards.

· Identify a change model or strategy to guide your planning for implementing the change. Provide a rationale for your selection.

· Outline the steps that you and/or others would follow to facilitate the change. Align these steps to your selected change model or strategy.

· Explain who would be involved in initiating and managing this change. Describe the skills and characteristics that would be necessary to facilitate the change effort.

                                                                   Learning Resources

Required Readings

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

  • Review Chapter 7, “Strategic and Operational Planning”
  • Chapter 8, “Planned Change”

This chapter explores methods for facilitating change and the theoretical underpinnings of implementing effective change

McAlearney, A., Terris, D., Hardacre, J., Spurgeon, P. Brown, C.,  Baumgart, A.,  Nyström, M. (2014). Organizational coherence in health care organizations: Conceptual guidance to facilitate quality improvement and organizational change. Quality Management in Health Care, 23(4), 254–267 doi: 10.1097/QMH.0b013e31828bc37d

An international group of investigators explored the issues of organizational culture and Quality Improvement (QI) in different health care contexts and settings. The aim of the research was to examine if a core set of organizational cultural attributes are associated with successful QI systems.

Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management – UK, 20(1), 32–37. doi: 10.7748/nm2013.04.20.1.32.e1013

Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change as a strategic resource. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(2), 69–72. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e31827f20a9

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). Organizational dynamics: Planned change and project planning. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Optional Resources

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 9, “Time Management”

Batras, D., Duff, C., & Smith, B. J. (2014). Organizational change theory: implications for health promotion practice. Health Promotion International, Retrieved from MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost

This article reviews select organizational change models to identify the most pertinent insights for health promotion practitioners.

 Discuss the difference in Medicare payment methods for outpatient services and physician services.

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Discuss (in about 2-3 pages) the advantage and disadvantage of the following hospital payment systems on cost containment and provider behavior:

  • Fee-for-service
  • Per diem
  • The DRG-based payment system (i.e., Medicare’s Inpatient Prospective Payment System)
  • Capitation
    Part II – Paying for Physician Services
    Using the background materials and the information you find from the literature and on the Internet, respond (in about 2-3 pages) to the following questions:

1.  Discuss the difference in Medicare payment methods for outpatient services and physician services.

2.  Discuss the difference between bundled payments and global payments.

What are the policy and future practice implications based on the current prescribed rate of cannabis?

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Trace the history of cannabis use and its effect on health (select one current article from a nursing journal on the benefits and/or hazards of smoking cannabis).

Cannabis Sativa can be traced to the Asia continent in China since 1500 BC. The cannabis seeds were used in making animal feeds, oil-based paints and fiber used to make ropes. Fedorova (2017) stated that cannabis can be used for medicinal purposes like treating cancer and posttraumatic stress disorder. Cannabis is an anti-epileptic drug. Cannabis causes lung problems to the users for it contains caffeine components in it. Persons taking it are known to have decreased in memory.

Who are the stakeholders both in support of and in opposition to medicinal cannabis use?

Government, security apparatus, health professionals, and human activists are the stakeholders supporting or opposing medicinal cannabis use. Those in support the use say it has no addictive levels when used in small amounts. Those against say that the use exposes the users to severe conditions like lung cancer. Cannabis can be used in managing pain while those opposing says it will be abused in large quantities and frequently leading to addiction (Fedorova, 2017).

What does current medical/nursing research say regarding the increasing use of medicinal cannabis.

Marijuana has shown positive effects in eliminating pain and in cancer management. According to Fedorova (2017), patients with severe pain record reduced pain for a long time after using marijuana. Use of cannabis eliminates cancer patient’s experience depression, loss of appetite, insomnia, vomiting and nausea and all this. The drug is administered in chemotherapy session as a means to boost appetite, eliminate depression or make persons have a normal sleep.

What are the policy and future practice implications based on the current prescribed rate of cannabis?

Laws and regulations will be passed and adopted by governments and global health organization. The laws and regulations will encourage the industrial use of marijuana to make drugs. Accordinh to Fedorova (2017), the laws and regulations on marijuana use will ensure there is an increase in revenue, decrease in the misuse of the drug and elimination of black market. Given that cannabis drugs will be over the counter safe consumption of cannabis will be achieved.

References

Fedorova, E. V., & Lankenau, S. E. (2017). Illicit drug use among young adult marijuana users in los angeles: Implications for medical use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 171, e62.

Pinkas, J., Jabłoński, P., Kidawa, M., & Wierzba, W. (2016). Use of marijuana for medical purposes. Ann Agric Environ Med, 23(3), 525-528.

What is the most appropriate way for the incoming RN to approach this situation after hearing the outgoing nurse’s comments? Include ethical and legal considerations.

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An RN working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is caring for a patient with an acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage related to Hepatitis C liver damage that resulted from cocaine abuse. At the end of the shift, the outgoing RN states to the incoming RN, “I have been in that patient’s room all day, transfusing blood products. It’s such a waste of resources. Why should we even bother to treat him, since he will just be using cocaine again after discharge?”

Initial Discussion Post:

Address the following:
What is the most appropriate way for the incoming RN to approach this situation after hearing the outgoing nurse’s comments? Include ethical and legal considerations.
What is the role of an RN in addressing the value system of other health care workers that may have a negative impact on patient care? Include ethical and legal considerations.
Should an RN be able to refuse an assignment if a patient’s value system is in direct conflict with his/her own? Why or why not? Include ethical and legal considerations.

350 words

APA format  no more than 5 years

and in text citation

Do you feel it is acceptable to expect “the haves” to provide Health care Benefits for the “have nots” through the expansion plans for Medicaid?

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  1. Please discuss the difference between prospective and retrospective payment system.
  2. Please identify and describe three payment reform initiatives in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
  3. Will there ever be (in your opinion) an acceptable solution for providing Health-Care Insurance to all?
  4. Do you feel it is acceptable to expect “the haves” to provide Health care Benefits for the “have nots” through the expansion plans for Medicaid?
  5. Is there a necessity for patient education with respect to insurance, both for private and government coverage? How should a patient education program be structured and delivered?

Please use 12pt, double spaced to answer the question with at least 2 sources no older than 5 years.

Discuss the sources of health insurance coverage in your home state, or any state of your choosing, for the following groups: Seniors age 65 and older

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  1. Discuss the sources of health insurance coverage in your home state, or any state of your choosing, for the following groups:
    • Seniors age 65 and older
    • Children younger than 18
    • Low-income families with at least one child, whose family income is below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level
    • The self-employed
    • Employees of large companies (more than 100 employees)
    • Employees of small businesses
    • Part-time, temporary, and seasonal employees
    • The unemployed
    • College students
  2. Discuss whether the groups listed above need to contribute to the premiums of their health insurance.

Length: Write a 3- to 5-page paper, typed and double spaced, with 12 pt. Times New Roman font and 1-inch page margins. Use headers throughout the paper. This will aid you in not overlooking vital elements of the assignment and make the document easier for the reader to follow. Please use at least 5 sources no older than 5 years old.

What are the differential considerations of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism? Explain the clinical reasoning process you would employ to differentiate between these two conditions.

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Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

What are the differential considerations of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism? Explain the clinical reasoning process you would employ to differentiate between these two conditions.

What are the differential considerations of right-sided and left-sided heart failure? What role does pulmonary hypertension play in these types of heart failure? Explain your reasoning.

A patient presents in an altered mental state in the ER. What would you consider pathological alterations in this patient? What process would you employ to determine differential diagnoses for this patient?

At least 300 words with references no older than 5 years and intext citation. Apa format.