Health Medical Homework Help

Learning Outcomes

This week students will:

1. Explain the results of a research study.
2. Describe the difference between significant and insignificant results of research.
3. Identify examples of significant and insignificant results of research.
4. Define basic statistical concepts.
5. Analyze a health research article.

Introduction

You made it to the last week of class! With four weeks of terminology and analysis under your belt, you should be more comfortable reading and comprehending the information presented in primary research articles. This week, you will look at the various analysis techniques used in research. While you will not be computing statistics yourself, you will be coming into contact with numbers and some of the key statistical terms that comprise most health research. By having a basic understanding of these terms and how to find them in research, you will be well prepared to critically analyze health promotion research. Thank you for all of your hard work in the course!

Required Resources

Text

Lane, D. (n.d.). Online statistics education: An interactive multimedia course of study. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/2/index.html

• Hebl, M. (n.d.) Descriptive statistics. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/2/introduction/descripti…
• Lane, D. Interpreting significant results. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/2/logic_of_hypothesis_te…
• Lane, D. Interpreting non-significant results. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/2/logic_of_hypothesis_te…

Articles

Crespo, N. C., Elder, J. P., Ayala, G. X., Slymen, D. J., Campbell, N. R., Sallis, J. F., . . .Arredondo, E. M. (2012). Results of a multi-level intervention to prevent and control childhood obesity among Latino children: The aventuras para niños study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 43(1), 84-100. doi: 10.1007/s12160-011-9332-7. Retrieved from the ProQuest database.

• This article describes a study that evaluated the impact of a multi-level promotora-based (Community Health Advisor) intervention to promote healthy eating and physical activity and prevent excess weight gain among Latino children, and is one of the options to use for your final paper. 

Duffy, S., Kilbourne, A., Austin, K., Dalack, G., Woltmann, E., Waxmonshy, J., & Noonan, D. (2012). Risk of smoking and receipt of cessation services among veterans with mental disorders. Psychiatric Services, 63(4), 325-332. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100097. Retrieved from the PubMed Central database at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323716/.

• This article describes a study with the goals of determining rates of smoking and receipt of provider recommendations to quit smoking among patients with mental disorders treated in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs treatment settings, and is one of the options to use for your final paper.

Eichner, J. E., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Lee, E. T., & Welty, T. K. (2010). Tobacco use and cardiovascular disease among American Indians: The strong heart study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(10), 3816-30. Retrieved from the ProQuest database.

• This article describes the results of a study examining the relationship between smoking and heart disease among American Indians, and should be reviewed closely prior to completing this week’s quiz and assignment.

Websites 

The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education, the Institute for Higher Education Policy, and Pathways to College Network. (2015). Analyze quantitative data. Evaluation Toolkit. Retrieved from http://toolkit.pellinstitute.org/evaluation-guide/… 

• This website describes the most common quantitative analysis procedures that are used in small program evaluation and provides a list of helpful resources that can assist you in evaluative efforts.

The Pennsylvania State University. (2015). Hypothesis testing. In Stat 100: Statistical concepts and reasoning. Retrieved from https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat100/lesson/10

• This section of the Penn State online statistics course provides an overview of hypothesis testing and how statistical tests are use in the analysis of research questions

TIBCO Software Inc. (2020). Data science textbook. Retrieved from https://docs.tibco.com/data-science/textbook

• This website briefly discussed the elementary statistical concepts that provide the necessary foundations for more specialized expertise in any area of statistical data analysis.

Recommended Resources

Text

Crinson, I. & Leontowitsch, M. (n.d.). The principles of qualitative methods: Use, analysis and presentation of qualitative data. In Lane, D. Public Health Textbook. Retrieved from https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-t…

Articles

Hoare, Z. and Hoe, J. (2012). Understanding quantitative research: part 1. Nursing Standards, 27(15-17), 52-57. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.

• This article provides an introduction to understanding quantitative research, basic statistics and terminology used in research articles, and specifically focuses on developing critical appraisal skills and understanding the use and implications of different quantitative approaches to research. 

Hoare, Z. and Hoe, J. (2013). Understanding quantitative research: part 2. Nursing Standards, 27(18), 48-55. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.

• This provides an introduction to understanding quantitative research, basic statistics and terminology used in research articles, and specifically focuses on explaining common statistical terms and the presentation of statistical data in quantitative research.

Websites

H2G2. (2011). How to understand statistics. Retrieved from http://h2g2.com/approved_entry/A1091350

• This article discusses some of the various ways statistics can be misleading.

United States General Accounting Office, Program Evaluation and Methodology Division. (1992). Quantitative data analysis: An introduction. Retrieved from http://archive.gao.gov/t2pbat6/146957.pdf

• This paper aims to bridge the communications gap between generalist and specialist, helping the generalist evaluator be a wiser consumer of technical advice and helping report
• Final Paper
  For your final paper, you will use the knowledge you gained during the last five weeks to critically analyze a health research article. Your Week 3 assignment had you begin to review the article you will be using as the basis of your final paper and describe its basic components. Your Week 3 assignment should serve as the foundation (i.e. “rough draft”) for your Week 5 final paper. You should utilize the feedback from your instructor on your Week 3 assignment and include the edited content in your final paper. In your Week 5 final paper, you will then analyze each of the components that you described in the Week 3 assignment and add the other sections as listed below. Be sure to use the instructor guidance, course readings, and feedback on your Week 3 paper to help guide you to critically analyze the research article you selected.Select one of the following journal articles to be used as the basis of your paper. You should use the same article you selected for your Week 3 assignment.Crespo, N. C., Elder, J. P., Ayala, G. X., Slymen, D. J., Campbell, N. R., Sallis, J. F., . . .Arredondo, E. M. (2012). Results of a multi-level intervention to prevent and control childhood obesity among Latino children: The aventuras para niños study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 43(1), 84-100. Retrieved from the ProQuest database.Duffy, S., Kilbourne, A., Austin, K., Dalack, G., Woltmann, E., Waxmonshy, J., & Noonan, D. (2012). Risk of smoking and receipt of cessation services among veterans with mental disorders. Psychiatric Services, 63(4), 325-332. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100097. Retrieved from the PubMed Central database.Your Final Paper should contain the following sections and address each of the points as outlined below:
  Introduction
  • Develop an introduction to your paper that provides a brief overview of the article and the main points of your analysis.
  • Study Purpose and Hypothesis
  • Describe the hypothesis and/or research question posed by your selected study. (Week 3)
  • Analyze the relevance of this hypothesis/research question based on the literature review.
  • Methodology
  • Summarize the methodology used to address the hypothesis/research question. (Week 3)
  • Describe the sampling methods used to obtain the study sample. (Week 3)
  • Analyze whether the sampling methodology used in the study was appropriate for addressing the hypothesis/question.
  • Describe the measurement methods used to assess the research question. (Week 3)
  • Analyze whether the measurement methodology used in the study was appropriate for addressing the hypothesis/question.
  • Explain the ethical considerations discussed by the author(s). (Week 3)
  • Evaluate whether the authors effectively addressed all of the ethical issues surrounding their research.
  • Analysis
  • Explain what type of data was collected for this study: nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio.
  • Describe the analysis method that was used (e.g., standard deviation, t-test, chi-square, correlation, linear regression, logistic regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA), including what statistical methods were applied and why these particular methods were selected.
  • Analyze whether the analysis methods used in the study was appropriate for addressing the hypothesis/question.
  • Discussion
  • Identify the authors’ conclusion(s). (Week 3)
  • Assess whether the authors fully addressed the hypothesis/question.
  • Describe the limitations of the study. (Week 3)
  • Explain how this article adds to the body of knowledge surrounding this topic.
  • Conclusion
  • Develop a conclusion that summarizes the main points of your paper and provides closure to the paper.
  • The Final Paper
  • Must be eight to 10 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted