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Create 2 responses to 2 original discussion board posts.

for response 1

????Becca’s Discussion????

Rebecca Richardson posted Nov 17, 2021 7:59 PM

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Successful bacterial infections often depend on structural and enzyme virulence factors. In my opinion, the most important thing for a bacterial infection to be successful is the host’s immune system. If a person is immunocompromised, a bacterial infection has a higher chance of being successful.

According to Pommerville, factors that are produced by a microorganism and evoke disease are called virulence factors. Examples are toxins, surface coats that inhibit phagocytosis, and surface receptors that bind to host cells (Pommerville, 2018).

According to Todar, bacterial surface structures act as permeability barriers. This allows the passage of nutrients and exclusion of harmful substances. The process of proteolysis Bacterial enzymes are responsible for the degradation of proteins into their component amino acids (Todar, 2020).

Toxins target the host’s cells. Toxins are major virulence factors that determine the outcome of the infection. According to Todar, many pathogens produce a series of enzymes to help overcome the body’s defenses and establish themselves in the host (Today, 2020).

Example: Leukocidin is a cytotoxin. It is created by Staphylococcus aureus. It works by forming pores into cell membranes. It targets both innate and adaptive immune responses (Nawrotek, Karakulska, & Fija?kowski, 2018).

I used Staphylococcus aureus as my example because it is such a successful infection. It can happen almost anywhere on the body! I have personally had a staph infection. At first, I thought it was just a pimple on my butt. But then it started hurting and growing really fast. And I noticed it had a black dot in the middle of it. I’m not sure if it was staph or MRSA. It was years ago… ?

References

Nawrotek, P., Karakulska, J., & Fija?kowski, K. (2018). Chapter 9 – the staphylococcal panton-valentine leaukocidin (pvl). Pet-to-man travelling staphylococci. Academic Press.

Pommerville, J. (2018). Fundamentals of microbiology (11th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Todar, K. (2020). Bacterial structure in relationship to pathogenicity. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/BSRP.html

for response 2

Bacterial Infections and Virulence Factors

Alison Graeffe posted Nov 22, 2021 12:06 AM

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The Virulence factor of any bacteria plays an important role in the infection process. The Virulence factors aid in the bacteria attaching to the host, causing an immune response, metabolizing from the host, and spreading upon exit from the host. The pili helps the bacteria attach to the host.

Gram negative bacteria have endotoxins which causes inflammation issues within the host, whereas other enzymes and toxins target and attack specific areas within the host. Bacteria can also absorb or fight for the iron in the host which can lead to anemia in the host. Additionally, bacteria create immunoglobulins which destroy the antibodies against the bacteria, thus aiding in its inevitable spread.

Basically, the way I look at it, the virulence factors of each of the bacterium is essentially its life force that moves it through its process within and out of the host.

REFERENCES

Virulence Factors of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens. (2021). Lumen Learning. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/cha…