Health Medical Homework Help

Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts with substantive comments using the following steps:

• Substantive comments add to the discussion and provide your fellow students with information that will enhance the learning environment.
• References and citations should conform to APA standards.
• Remember: Please respect the opinions of others, even if their views differ. In other words, disagree professionally and respectfully.

1. Ruth

Write a short summary discussing what specific techniques were used to change thought patterns in order to change behaviors through CBT.

The technique used to change patient beliefs and guilt feelings was disputing irrational beliefs through cognitive worksheets. The patient had to write her thoughts about the events and the emotion experienced from them. The information reported in those sheets is used to help the patient rationalize the thoughts and connected them to feel. While explaining different scenarios, the patient will experience different feelings from it, shifting the patient’s emotions. A change in perspective will help the patient change emotions and apply them when necessary.

Discuss how you could implement CBT into your clinical practice in the future.

I will implement CBT by using dynamic techniques such as unconditional acceptance, modeling, and rational emotive imagery in my future clinical practice. Every method will have to be tailored according to patients’ needs. The initial assessment will be aiming to discover what could be the best therapy in assisting the patient in resolving emotional problems. I will provide the patient with tools that they can use in everyday life. Psychotherapy will be constantly available and recommended for all patients.

What specific diagnoses can DBT be used with?

CBT can be used in depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, Bereavement, eating disorders, sleeping disorders, OCD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, panic attacks.

Clinical practice guidelines often recommend cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a first-line treatment for both anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive related disorders (Reddy et al., 2020)

CBT can be used in all medical diagnoses as a coadjuvant with compliance and adherence to therapy. Patients will benefit when CBT techniques are used to help them change behaviors by changing their thought processes. CBT-AD is an effective intervention for compliance, depression, and glycemic control, with enduring and clinically meaningful benefits for diabetes self-management and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and depression (Safren et al., 2014)

CBT delivered in the context of specialty medical care may target psychological symptoms directly (e.g., depression, anxiety), aim to improve overall functioning and quality of life, and address the specific cognitive and behavioral components necessary for managing a medical condition (Magidson & Weisberg, 2014).

References:

Magidson, J. F., & Weisberg, R. B. (2014). Implementing cognitive behavioral therapy in specialty medical settings. Cognitive and behavioral practice, 24(4), 367–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.08.003

Safren, S. A., Gonzalez, J. S., Wexler, D. J., Psaros, C., Delahanty, L. M., Blashill, A. J., Margolina, A. I., & Cagliero, E. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 37(3), 625–633. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0816

Reddy, Y., Sudhir, P. M., Manjula, M., Arumugham, S. S., & Narayanaswamy, J. C. (2020). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies in Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Indian journal of psychiatry, 62(Suppl 2), S230–S250. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiat…

EXAMPLE response:

Ruth,

You mentioned one diagnosis that CBT can help to treat that really sings to me, and that is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This hits close to home because my sister suffered from post-partum anxiety and OCD. In fact, I think she had undiagnosed OC symptoms for a long time. I remember her as a teenager needing to lock the door, pull on the handle to make sure it was locked, unlock the door, and repeat the process all over again. Back then we just thought she was being odd and was worried about our family’s safety, but we lived in a nice middle-class neighborhood with almost no crime and looking back, it was very ritualistic, and she could not sleep until she went through the whole house completing her routine. This was something that went away after a while, but she always had some “minor” OCD behaviors and excessive worrying. During her pregnancy and after her son was born, her symptoms exploded and worrisome, ritualist behaviors came back, only now it was with cleaning his bottles and toys and checking every safety mechanism around him to make sure nothing would ever happen to him. A lot of that can be chalked up to being a new mother, but when it did not fade out, she knew she needed to get some help.

Külz et al. (2019) suggest that OCD is one of the most debilitating psychiatric conditions and it usually results in a reduced quality of life. For my sister, her quality of life was affected because she could not simply enjoy being a mother. When she finally sought help, CBT really helped her, along with her medication. CBT has been shown to be a very effective treatment of OC behaviors (Külz et al., 2019). Being able to talk with someone about what was going on in her head and making realizations about the negative thoughts to replace them with positive thoughts has really helped her over the last couple years.

Reference

Külz, A. K., Landmann, S., Cludius, B., Rose, N., Heidenreich, T., Jelinek, L., Alsleben, H., Wahl, K., Philipsen, A., Voderholzer, U., Maier, J. G., & Moritz, S. (2019). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and residual symptoms after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): A randomized controlled trial. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 269(2), 223-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0957-4

1. TIESHA

According to de Haan et al. (2021), trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies are the first line treatments for PTSD in adults. The clinician in this scenario followed a cognitive behavioral therapy approach when working with his client for PTSD.

In this case study, the therapist was having the client tell the story in her own words. He then made clarifications to make sure he was hearing her correctly and that he was understanding the protocol of the situation. When he was having her explain the protocol, this was also getting her to realize that she followed the correct protocol and if anyone else was in this situation, they would make the same decisions. He also introduced the idea of thinking errors and gave her homework to journal her negative feelings about the incident. By recognizing her thinking errors she is then able to determine a different thought process she can put into place.

I see using this type of therapy for clients suffering from anxiety, PTSD, depression, eating disorders, and OCD behaviors. By having them talk about their thoughts or feelings and then working on ways to change them into more positive outlooks, I feel that this could help the many diagnoses we see in our patients. Quigley et al. (2018) suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), is thought to improve depression, anxiety, and other behavioral diagnoses by producing adaptive change in cognition. By creating work between the client and the mediator (therapist), suggested mechanisms of action targeted in the development of more potent and effective treatments can be created. So, if we can decrease the client’s negative automatic thoughts and change them into positive or more healthy thoughts and feelings, this type of therapy will work for the patient.

References

de Haan, A., Hitchcock, C., Meiser-Stedman, R., Landolt, M. A., Kuhn, I., Black, M. J., Klaus, K., Patel, S. D., Fisher, D. J., & Dalgleish, T. (2021). Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies in children and adolescents: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials. BMJ Open, 11(2)http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047212

Quigley, L., Dozois, D. J. A., Bagby, R. M., Lobo, D. S. S., Ravindran, L., & Quilty, L. C. (2018). Cognitive change in cognitive-behavioural therapy v. pharmacotherapy for adult depression: A longitudinal mediation analysis. Psychological Medicine, 49(1), 2626-2634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718003653