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General Revulsion Against Biological Determinism Discussion

1. According to Lewontin, virtually the entire body of modern science is an attempt to,

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Torture students

Explain phenomena that cannot be experienced directly by human beings

Discredit religion

2. The technical term for the life history change an organism undergoes from single cell to death is,

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It is what it is

Aging

Development

3. The term development literally means,

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The destruction of wetlands

An unfolding or unrolling of something that is already present and in some way preformed

The devil having a hand in a couple’s elopement

4. Preformationism was the view that,

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It was time for changes in Church doctrine

One should not compete as an athlete before one has reached peak form

The adult organism was contained, already formed in miniature, in the sperm

5. Present developmental biology sees the fixed essence of an organism as,

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A matter of upbringing

Residing in the genes

Depending on the degree to which an organism incorporates iron molecules

6. For a while, a general revulsion against biological determinism and its replacement by widespread environmental explanation was caused by,

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The rise of the environmental movement and the foundation of the Sierra Club

People, being people, being bored with the old and attracted by something new

The National Socialists (the Nazis in Germany during the 1920s-1940s) committing atrocities in the name of biological theories about race and characte

7. The ontogeny (individual life history) of an organism,

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Depends on how a storyteller decides to tell it

Is the consequence of hard work – every organism can be whatever it wants to be as long it stays committed to its goals

Is the consequence of a unique interaction between the genes it carries, the environments through which it passes, and random events of molecular interactions within individual cells

8. The way Syngonium, a tropical vine, will grow,

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Depends entirely on the vine’s genes

Is not a pretty sight

Depends on the environment it is placed into, in particular where and whether it contains trees that allow the vine to climb

9. Norms of reaction,

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Give the phenotype of organisms of a particular genotype as a function of the environment

Recommend how to appropriately respond to a scientific theory one thinks is mistaken

Explain how reactionary views ultimately always win the day

10. Developmental noise is,

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A consequence of random events within cells at the level of molecular interactions

Any sound produced by an organism going through a particular developmental stage, such as an infant crying when teething

A consequence of construction, such as the noise on campus caused by the construction of new student housing prior to the pandemic

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