Biologic Basis of Neurologic or Psychiatric Disorder

Understanding the biological basis for a neurological condition provides the foundation upon which you can develop powerful questions and design experiments that support effective treatments. Given the prevalence of neurologic or psychiatric conditions in the population, development of strong treatments can lead to profound positive social change.

To prepare:

• Review and implement the feedback your Instructor provided for Part 1 of your paper.
• Conduct additional research on your topic in order to develop an appropriate research question and experiment related to your chosen condition.

Your paper should be 10–15 pages, including the part 1.

• Extend the sections of Part 1 as necessary based on the feedback from your Instructor.
• For Part 2, develop a research question and propose an experiment related to the condition.
  • If your research question is quantitative, this should include a hypothesis about what answer you expect to your question and some basics of the experimental design, such as your methods and your experimental and control groups.
  • If your question is qualitative, identify a phenomenon of study, the population or context you intend to study, and your research question, which is typically open-ended and would begin “What…” or “How…”.
  • develop the neurobiology portion
    somewhat as there is much literature on this topic.

    Learning Resources

    Required Readings

    Breedlove, S. M., & Watson, N. V. (2019). Behavioral neuroscience (9th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    • Chapter 15, “Emotions, Aggression, and Stress”

    Classifying subjective emotional stress response evoked by multitasking using EEG. (2017). 2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 3036–3041. doi:10.1109/SMC.2017.8123091

    Goetz, S. M. M., & Weisfeld, G. E. (2013). Applying evolutionary thinking to the study of emotion. Behavioral Sciences, 3(3), 388–407. doi:10.3390/bs3030388

    Lehmann, M. L., & Herkenham, M. (2011). Environmental enrichment confers stress resiliency to social defeat through an infralimbic cortex-dependent neuroanatomical pathway. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(16), 6159–6173. Retrieved from http://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/16/6159.full.p…Environmental enrichment confers stress resiliency to social defeat through an infralimbic cortex-dependent neuroanatomical pathway by Lehmann, M., & Herkenham, M., in The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 31/Issue 16. Copyright 2011 by Society for Neuroscience. Reprinted by permission of Society for Neuroscience via the Copyright Clearance Center.

    van Oort, J., Tendolkar, I., Hermans, E. J., Mulders, P. C., Beckmann, C. F., Schene, A. H., … van Eijndhoven, P. F. (2017). How the brain connects in response to acute stress: A review at the human brain systems level. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 83, 281–297. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.015

    National Institute of Mental Health. (2011). Stress-defeating effects of exercise traced to emotional brain circuit. doi:10.1037/e614672011-00

    Optional Resources

    Optional Readings

    Glickstein, M. (2014). Neuroscience: A historical introduction. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    • Chapter 18, “Personality and Emotion”

    Note: You will access this resource through the Walden Library databases.

    Sapolsky, R. M. (2001). Depression, antidepressants, and the shrinking hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(22), 12320–12322. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11675480Note: You will access this resource through the Walden Library databases.

    Optional Media

    Brachman, R. (2016, September). Rebecca Brachman: Could a drug prevent depression and PTSD? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/rebecca_brachman_could_a…Note: The length of this media is approximately 18 minutes.

    Learning Resources

    Required Readings

    Basbaum, A. I., Bautista, D. M., Scherrer, G., & Julius, D. (2009). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain. Cell, 139(2), 267–284. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.028

    Breedlove, S. M., & Watson, N. V. (2019). Behavioral neuroscience (9th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    • Chapter 8, “General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain”

    Brody, J. E. (2019). Virtual reality as therapy for pain. The New York Times.

    de Vignemont, F. (2017). Pain and Touch. Monist, 100(4), 465–477. doi:10.1093/monist/onx022

    Noninvasive nonpharmacological treatment for chronic pain: A systematic review. (2018, June 11). Retrieved from https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default…Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, Turner JA, Friedly JL, Rundell SD, Fu R, Brodt ED, Wasson N, Winter C, Ferguson AJR. Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 209. (Prepared by the Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2015-00009-I.) AHRQ Publication No 18-EHC013-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; June 2018. Posted final reports are located on the Effective Health Care Program

    Kivrak Y., Kose-Ozlece H., Ustundag M. F., & Asoglu, M. (2016). Pain perception: predictive value of sex, depression, anxiety, somatosensory amplification, obesity, and age. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, (1), 1913–1918.

    Moayedi, M., & Davis, K. D. (n.d.). Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109(1), 5–12.

    Spiegel, B., Fuller, G., Lopez, M., Dupuy, T., Noah, B., Howard, A., … Danovitch, I. (2019). Virtual reality for management of pain in hospitalized patients: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial. PLoS ONE, 14(8), 1–15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219115

    Required Media

    Ramachandran, V. S. (2007, March). Vilayanur Ramachandran: 3 clues to understanding your brain [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/vilayanur_ramachandran_o…Note: The length of this media is approximately 21 minutes.

    Krane, E. (2011, March). Elliot Krane: The mystery of chronic pain. Retrieved September 16, 2019, from http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/elliot_krane_the…Note: The length of this media is approximately 5 minutes.

    Sinauer Associates, Inc. (Producer). (n.d.). Somatosensory receptive fields. Available from https://oup-arc.com/access/breedlove9e-student-res…

    • Animation 8.2 with your textbook

    Note: The length of this media is approximately 2 minutes.

    Optional Resources

    Optional Readings

    Glickstein, M. (2014). Neuroscience: A historical introduction. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    • Chapter 6, “Sensation”

    Note: You will access this resource through the Walden Library databases.

    Nelson, R. J., Mizumori, S. J. Y., & Weiner, I. B. (Eds.). (2013). Behavioral neuroscience. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.or…

    • Chapter 9, “The Biopsychology of Pain”

    Note: You will access this resource through the Walden Library databases.

    Ropero Peláez, F. J., & Taniguchi, S. (2015). The gate theory of pain revisited: Modeling different pain conditions with a parsimonious neurocomputational model. Neural Plasticity, 2016, 1–14. doi:10.1155/2016/4131395Note: You will access this resource through the Walden Library databases.

    Saetta, G., Grond, I., Brugger, P., Lenggenhager, B., Tsay, A. J., & Giummarra, M. J. (n.d.). Apparent motion perception in lower limb amputees with phantom sensations: “obstacle shunning” and “obstacle tolerance.” Cortex, 104, 220–231. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.003Note: You will access this resource through the Walden Library databases.

    Optional Media

    Khan Academy. (n.d.). Health and medicine: Advanced nervous system physiology. Retrieved September 16, 2019, from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-med…Note: Refer to the videos under the topic “Sensory Perception” as necessary for your understanding of the material.

    Khan Academy. (n.d.). Health and medicine: Advanced nervous system physiology. Retrieved September 16, 2019, from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-med…Note: Refer to the videos under the topic “Somatosensation” as necessary for your understanding of the material.