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Here is the original discussion thread: Chapter 8 of Snipes: Vold’s Theoretical Criminology discusses social disorganization from a variety of perspectives. Begin by defining social disorganization. Then, discuss the factors that are found in a socially-disorganized neighborhood as evidenced by peer-reviewed research conducted as well as personal experience with neighborhoods in your area that would be considered socially disorganized according to your definition. YOU DO NOT NEED TO RESPOND TO THE THREAD, THIS IS JUST A REFERENCE TO KNOW WHAT WE WERE DISCUSSING: 

1. Candace Gibson

YesterdayNov 21 at 1:18am

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Social disorganization refers to the incapability of communal adherents to realize mutual ethics or to resolve together encountered complications (Posick & Rocque, 2018). Social disorganization is a theoretical viewpoint that elucidates the environmental variances in heights of delinquency based on cultural and structural features determining the nature of the societal directive athwart societies. The general fact of social disorganization is that an individual’s position plays a much bigger role in foreseeing illicit action than one’s own individual features (Posick & Rocque, 2018). The paper discusses social-disorganization factors that can drive people to oblige delinquency in neighborhoods with real personal evidence of such incidences.

Chapter 8 of Snipes: Vold’s Theoretical Criminology has discussed many factors that act as initiators of social disorganization that ultimately upshot in misconduct (Posick & Rocque, 2018). Public features that can be instituted in a socially disorganized neighborhood take in scarcity, high rates of inhabited variability, racial collection, residents’ compactness, financial standing, and the lack of persons tapping effort into making the extent a benign dwelling. Peer-reviewed research has revealed explicit remarks of these features prevailing in these societies that act as funders to entities living there revolving to delinquency. One instance that was initiated among scholars perusing urban zones besieged from shortage was juvenile fierceness habitually breeds higher as inhabited variability rates increases (Snipes, Bernard & Gerould, 2019). Hence, this is because of the residing populace repetitively varying, leading to the inhabitants emerging less bonds to the environment and individuals around them there, so they don’t sense the necessity of participating in civic organizations. Moreover, Sampson’s theory of shared efficiency chains this awareness of the undesirable fallouts of abodes not working to advantage their neighbourhoods entirely by upholding order (Snipes, Bernard & Gerould, 2019). Sampson designated shared efficiency as the neighborhoods’ aptitude in upholding order in community spaces, and the areas that hold the factors revealed throughout this passage bring about the associates of the neighborhood consuming no cooperative efficiency in their society (Snipes, Bernard & Gerould, 2019). Scholars have initiated that cultural diversity can also be a factor in social disorganization attributable to the absence of collective experiences, the absence of communication among groups, and the general variances in traditions and customs every group might embrace. The assignment of these zones where individuals animate can likewise result in foiling and social disorganization in the interior high misconduct extents. Besides, the financial position of an area plays a part in the conception of social disorganization; nevertheless, this is fewer reliable in examples of academic explore. Academics like Ernest Burges and Robert Park instituted the impression of concentrical neighborhoods, which exhibited that parts such as Zone 1 in their concept are habitually left to depreciate and are where the lesser revenue casing is frequently spotted (Snipes, Bernard & Gerould, 2019). Thus, this neighborhood is disclosed to have a high poverty rate and very high residential incapacity rates.

Furthermore, Clifford Shaw provided some thought-provoking aids to the social disorganization theory; he resolved that numerous paternities and neighbors in a socially disorganized neighborhood can either admit or support criminal behaviors of the offspring around them. Groove and Sampson anticipated this might be for various motives like that of paternities working manifold works with the purpose of taking care of their households fiscally, which verdures them incapable of suitably overseeing and disciplining their children. Accordingly, this is an actual mutual state that hysterics under the family disruption category also roots social disorganization.

Relatively, in my experiences that transpire in my area of residence, there are certainly these fluctuating factors causing social disorganization in the society. For myself, I animate in a tremendously trivial community that doesn’t fascinate big populations of persons to come to reside or just visit since it’s deficient in various social lures that persons adore in communities. My home base has few cafeterias and businesses in it, causing it to struggle financially slightly. Typically, we have to move a couple of towns over searching for foodstuffs and go out to eat at cafeterias. Various persons living in my small-town have to struggle commercially, which undeniably lead to other hindrances that may bring about committing criminalities. In our town, there isn’t much to do for keeping youth busy in productive habits outside of school, which may result in youth involving themselves in distress for things such as juvenile drunkenness. Also, I accept as true that many individuals living in my community lack in the class of cooperative efficiency since many are not concerned with setting up slight extra exertions to help the community.

Nevertheless, several pretty incredibly generous persons living in this community employ an effort to take care that society has food and clothing. For instance, since the beginning covid-19 pandemic, the school within my community has given out diverse food substances to benefit struggling people. The Bible tells us “For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore, I command thee, saying, thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land” (Deuteronomy 15:11, English Standard Version).). Thus, if people in this community cooperatively help each other, social disorganization can be easily eliminated.

References

Posick, C., & Rocque, M. (2018). Great debates in criminology. Routledge.

Snipes, J. B., Bernard, T. J., & Gerould, A. L. (2019). Vold’s Theoretical Criminology. Oxford University Press.

The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (2016). Oxford University

2. Colleen Pack

YesterdayNov 21 at 5:44pm

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CJUS700-D01 DB2 Initial post

Good day Class!

Shen and Andresen (2021) state, “The original version of social disorganization theory posited that crime was influenced by three structural characteristics, ethnic heterogeneity, population turnover, and economic deprivation, all of which indirectly affected crime by hindering a neighbourhood’s ability to develop social cohesion” (p. 3). “Structural deficits like economic depravation and residential instability lead to social disorganization (Shaw & McKay, 1942) or problems in how residents interact with another, as well as social isolation when residents have minimal contact with groups or individuals that represent mainstream beliefs and opportunities”(Sampson & Wilson, 1995; Kotlaja, et al., 2020).

I did not go up in an impoverished neighborhood or a crime laden neighborhood; therefore, I was having trouble applying this concept personally until I did further research. The concept became more understandable once I could make it relatable. I work in a mental health facility where we treat people of all ages, sexes, races, and people from all socioeconomic backgrounds and upon reading various articles relating to prescription drug misuse, incidence of psychotic disorders, and incidences of child abuse the concept hit home. It is often said once something becomes personal to someone it becomes tangent.

Reading that drug overdose is now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States is scary (Ford et al., 2017). The study went on to focus on adolescents aged 12-17 and found rural or non-metropolitan areas were more prone to prescription drug misuse overall, prescription opioid misuse, prescription sedative misuse and prescription tranquilizer misuse (Ford et al., 2017).

Veling et al., (2015) write, “accumulating evidence had demonstrated that environmental factors are causally related to onset of psychotic disorders (Van Os et al., 2010;p. 1789). Not only do individual experiences influence disease risk so do broader social context (Veling et al., 2015). Areas of residential instability, low socioeconomic level, high degree of urbanization and mixed populations are related to a range of mental health outcomes in many studies (Veling et al., 2015, p. 1790).

Although social disorganization theory was developed to explain some public forms of crime, it may be used to explain child maltreatment (Kotlaja, 2020). When a community typically experiences economic deprivation they have few social services to offer the neighborhood which might help alleviate the stress caused by poverty and neighborhood conditions often resulting in child physical abuse by worn out care givers (Kotlaja, 2020, p. 2).

The neighborhood I did grow up in was cohesive. Kids knew to respond to any adult that spoke to them as an authority figure. We played outside until the streetlights came on, drank water from water hoses, and did all of this after our homework was done. Most of us were latch key kids. But were still responsible to other adults around the neighborhood. I do not remember much crime, if any, around us happening, but maybe I was sheltered from it.

The area I live in now is totally different. A different state. Obviously a different city. Crime happens but is not rampant. I grew up in a rural city and now live in an urban city. A stark contrast in living. The above studies are given just to show more than just crime can be affected by the social disorganization theory and that all parts of life can be affected by how, and where we grow up.

Colleen Pack

References

Ford, J.A., Sacra, S.A., & Yohros, A. (2017). Neighborhood characteristics and prescription drug misuse among adolescents: The importance of social disorganization and social capital. International Journal of Drug Policy, 46, 47-53. Doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.001

Kotlaja, M.M., Fagan, A.A., & Wright, E.M. (2020). Perceptions of danger, tolerance of delinquency, and economic disadvantage: Examining neighborhood influences on child physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 106,1-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104562

Shen, J., & Andresen, M.A. (2021). A tale of two theories: Whither social disorganization theory and the routine activities approach? Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 63(2), 1-22. Doi: 10.3138/cjccj.2021-0013

Veling, W., Susser, E., Selten, J.P., & Hoek, H.W. (2015). Social disorganization of neighborhoods and incidence of psychotic disorders: A 7-year first-contact incidence study. Psychological medicine, 45, 1789-1798. Doi: 10.1017/S0033291714002682