Management homework help

Part A: Capital Budgeting Decisions

Matheson Electronics has just developed a new electronic device that it believes will have broad

market appeal. The company has performed marketing and cost studies that revealed the following

information:

a. New equipment would have to be acquired to produce the device. The equipment would cost

$138,000 and have a six-year useful life. After six years, it would have a salvage value of

about $24,000.

b. Sales in units over the next six years are projected to be as follows:

Year Sales in Units

1 7,000

2 12,000

3 14,000

4–6 16,000

c. Production and sales of the device would require working capital of $46,000 to finance

accounts receivable, inventories, and day-to-day cash needs. This working capital would be

released at the end of the project’s life.

d. The devices would sell for $55 each; variable costs for production, administration, and sales

would be $35 per unit.

e. Fixed costs for salaries, maintenance, property taxes, insurance, and straight-line

depreciation on the equipment would total $149,000 per year. (Depreciation is based on cost

less salvage value.)

f. To gain rapid entry into the market, the company would have to advertise heavily. The

advertising costs would be:

Year

Amount of Yearly

Advertising

1–2 $ 75,000

3 $ 55,000

4–6 $ 45,000

g. The company’s required rate of return is 13%.

Required:

1. Compute the net cash inflow (incremental contribution margin minus incremental fixed expenses)

anticipated from sale of the device for each year over the next six years.

2-a. Using the data computed in (1) above and other data provided in the problem, determine the net

present value of the proposed investment.

2-b. Would you recommend that Matheson accept the device as a new product?

B. Master Budget

You have just been hired as a new management trainee by Earrings Unlimited, a distributor of

earrings to various retail outlets located in shopping malls across the country. In the past, the

company has done very little in the way of budgeting and at certain times of the year has

experienced a shortage of cash. Since you are well trained in budgeting, you have decided to

prepare a master budget for the upcoming second quarter. To this end, you have worked with

accounting and other areas to gather the information assembled below.

The company sells many styles of earrings, but all are sold for the same price—$13 per pair. Actual

sales of earrings for the last three months and budgeted sales for the next six months follow (in pairs

of earrings):

January (actual) 20,600 June (budget) 50,600

February (actual) 26,600 July (budget) 30,600

March (actual) 40,600 August (budget) 28,600

April (budget) 65,600 September (budget) 25,600

May (budget) 100,600

The concentration of sales before and during May is due to Mother’s Day. Sufficient inventory should

be on hand at the end of each month to supply 40% of the earrings sold in the following month.

Suppliers are paid $4.30 for a pair of earrings. One-half of a month’s purchases is paid for in the

month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. All sales are on credit. Only 20%

of a month’s sales are collected in the month of sale. An additional 70% is collected in the following

month, and the remaining 10% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been

negligible.

Monthly operating expenses for the company are given below:

Variable:

Sales commissions 4 % of sales

Fixed:

Advertising $ 230,000

Rent $ 21,000

Salaries $ 112,000

Utilities $ 8,500

Insurance $ 3,300

Depreciation $ 17,000

Insurance is paid on an annual basis, in November of each year.

The company plans to purchase $17,500 in new equipment during May and $43,000 in new

equipment during June; both purchases will be for cash. The company declares dividends of

$17,250 each quarter, payable in the first month of the following quarter.

The company’s balance sheet as of March 31 is given below:

Assets

Cash $ 77,000

Accounts receivable ($34,580 February sales; $422,240 March sales) 456,820

Inventory 112,832

Prepaid insurance 22,500

Property and equipment (net) 980,000

Total assets $ 1,649,152

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Accounts payable $ 103,000

Dividends payable 17,250

Common stock 860,000

Retained earnings 668,902

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,649,152

The company maintains a minimum cash balance of $53,000. All borrowing is done at the beginning

of a month; any repayments are made at the end of a month.

The company has an agreement with a bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of

$1,000 at the beginning of each month. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for

simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. At the end of the quarter, the company

would pay the bank all of the accumulated interest on the loan and as much of the loan as possible

(in increments of $1,000), while still retaining at least $53,000 in cash.

Required:

Prepare a master budget for the three-month period ending June 30. Include the following detailed

schedules:

1. a. A sales budget, by month and in total.

b. A schedule of expected cash collections, by month and in total.

c. A merchandise purchases budget in units and in dollars. Show the budget by month and in

total.

d. A schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases, by month and in total.

2. A cash budget. Show the budget by month and in total. Determine any borrowing that would be

needed to maintain the minimum cash balance of $53,000.

3. A budgeted income statement for the three-month period ending June 30. Use the contribution

approach.

4. A budgeted balance sheet as of June 30.

Part C: Variance Analysis for Decision Making

Marvel Parts, Inc., manufactures auto accessories. One of the company’s products is a set of seat

covers that can be adjusted to fit nearly any small car. The company has a standard cost system in

use for all of its products. According to the standards that have been set for the seat covers, the

factory should work 1,055 hours each month to produce 2,110 sets of covers. The standard costs

associated with this level of production are:

Total

Per Set

of Covers

Direct materials $ 51,273 $ 24.30

Direct labor $ 10,550 5.00

Variable manufacturing overhead (based on direct labor-hours) $ 4,853 2.30

$ 31.60

During August, the factory worked only 1,000 direct labor-hours and produced 2,100 sets of covers.

The following actual costs were recorded during the month:

Total

Per Set

of Covers

Direct materials (6,800 yards) $ 49,980 $ 23.80

Direct labor $ 10,920 5.20

Variable manufacturing overhead $ 5,460 2.60

$ 31.60

At standard, each set of covers should require 3.0 yards of material. All of the materials purchased

during the month were used in production.

Required:

1. Compute the materials price and quantity variances for August.

2. Compute the labor rate and efficiency variances for August.

3. Compute the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances for August.

D: Measures of Internal Business Process Performance

DataSpan, Inc., automated its plant at the start of the current year and installed a flexible

manufacturing system. The company is also evaluating its suppliers and moving toward Lean

Production. Many adjustment problems have been encountered, including problems relating to

performance measurement. After much study, the company has decided to use the performance

measures below, and it has gathered data relating to these measures for the first four months of

operations.

Month

1 2 3 4

Throughput time (days) ? ? ? ?

Delivery cycle time (days) ? ? ? ?

Manufacturing cycle efficiency (MCE) ? ? ? ?

Percentage of on-time deliveries 91 % 86 % 82 % 78 %

Total sales (units) 3460 3312 3143 3025

Management has asked for your help in computing throughput time, delivery cycle time, and MCE.

The following average times have been logged over the last four months:

Average per Month (in days)

1 2 3 4

Move time per unit 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6

Process time per unit 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5

Wait time per order before start of production 23.0 25.2 28.0 30.2

Queue time per unit 4.6 5.3 6.1 7.0

Inspection time per unit 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Required:

1-a. Compute the throughput time for each month.

1-b. Compute the delivery cycle time for each month.

1-c. Compute the manufacturing cycle efficiency (MCE) for each month.

2. Evaluate the company’s performance over the last four months.

3-a. Refer to the move time, process time, and so forth, given for month 4. Assume that in month 5

the move time, process time, and so forth, are the same as in month 4, except that through the use

of Lean Production the company is able to completely eliminate the queue time during

production. Compute the new throughput time and MCE.

3-b. Refer to the move time, process time, and so forth, given for month 4. Assume in month 6 that

the move time, process time, and so forth, are again the same as in month 4, except that the

company is able to completely eliminate both the queue time during production and the inspection

time. Compute the new throughput time and MCE.

E. Preparing Statement of Cash Flows

Comparative financial statements for Weaver Company follow:

Weaver Company

Comparative Balance Sheet

at December 31

This Year Last Year

Assets

Cash $ 9 $ 21

Accounts receivable 610 380

Inventory 175 240

Prepaid expenses 10 8

Total current assets 804 649

Property, plant, and equipment 690 580

Less accumulated depreciation 80 70

Net property, plant, and equipment 610 510

Long-term investments 10 48

Total assets $ 1,424 $ 1,207

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Accounts payable $ 400 $ 290

Accrued liabilities 50 60

Income taxes payable 85 78

Total current liabilities 535 428

Bonds payable 390 280

Total liabilities 925 708

Common stock 341 450

Retained earnings 158 49

Total stockholders’ equity 499 499

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 1,424 $ 1,207

Weaver Company

Income Statement

For This Year Ended December 31

Sales $ 880

Cost of goods sold 490

Gross margin 390

Selling and administrative expenses 203

Net operating income 187

Nonoperating items:

Gain on sale of investments $ 12

Loss on sale of equipment (9 ) 3

Income before taxes 190

Income taxes 57

Net income $ 133

During this year, Weaver sold some equipment for $10 that had cost $49 and on which there was

accumulated depreciation of $30. In addition, the company sold long-term investments for $50 that

had cost $38 when purchased several years ago. Weaver paid a cash dividend this year and the

company repurchased $109 of its own stock. This year Weaver did not retire any bonds.

Required:

1. Using the direct method, adjust the company’s income statement for this year to a cash basis.

2. Using the information obtained in (1) above, along with an analysis of the remaining balance sheet

accounts, prepare a statement of cash flows for this year.