Psychology homework help
Pre-registration Assignment
Study Information
Title
Does your environment shape who you are? A study based on personal values and beliefs.
Description
This study explores the perceptions and attitudes of several migrant groups in the United Kingdom, particularly from the Mediterranean, Arabic, and Northern African countries. All of these regions have been considered as “honor cultures”, i.e. places in which “honor” and being an honorable person in the eyes of others is a central cultural goal. In this study, we are interested in whether the importance of honor for one’s life may change as people settle in new countries where honor may be less important (e.g. the UK), and if changes in honor may be linked to changes in other perceptions and attitudes of daily life. In particular, we aim to investigate whether endorsement of masculine and feminine honor would change as a function of acculturation, and whether these changes would be accompanied with parallel changes in various indicators of egalitarian gender relations, such as egalitarian gender attitudes, appropriateness of cross-gender friendships, or support of feminism.
The current study aims to examine whether immigrants of 1st generation & 2nd generation are affected by acculturation and whether the amount of time spent in a culture of dignity (UK) speeds up the process of acculturation thus influencing the recognition of honour among individuals. In addition, this study also examines whether honour endorsements decrease differently for men and women, influencing their tolerance for cross-gender friendships, the gender role of equality and an increase in support towards the feminism cause.
Hypotheses/ Research Question
[Your hypothesis/research question here]
1. List specific, concise and testable hypotheses.
2. State them as a relationship between a hypothetical situation of the real world (
“if taste affects preference”) and the kind of observation that would help confirm that (“then mean preference will be higher or higher concentration of sugar.”)
3. STATE if the hypotheses are directional or non-directional. (DIRECTIONAL)
4. IF directional- state the direction.
5. Predicted effect is also appropriate here.
6. IF a specific interaction is important to your research, you can list that as a separate hypothesis.
7. IF you don’t have a testable hypothesis due to exploratory nature of your study, OUTLINE your RQ.
8. How will your study further your knowledge of this topic?
1st generation immigrants from honor cultures will show higher levels of honor endorsement than 2nd generation immigrants. Due to prolonged exposure to the host country (UK), there will be a decrease in honor endorsement amongst the 2nd generation immigrants. Additionally, men and women from these 2 generations will differ in their honor endorsement due to perceived gender roles, which changes with acculturation. It is predicted that immigrants who show greater decreases in their honor endorsement would show more tolerance towards cross-gender friendships, more egalitarian gender roles, and more support towards the feminist cause.
Design Plan
Participants
Our study is generally aimed at recruiting two main groups (1st generation immigrants to the UK, and second generation immigrants to the UK). The target sample size is 300 participants. The participants are classified as originating from a culture of honor, and in this study, the countries chosen are Medittaranean, African and Asian countries (i.e. i.e. Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Oman). Participants will be recruited through 2 different channels: the online research participation scheme for University of Kent students, as well as the commercial online recruitment platform Prolific. In RPS, they will receive a total of 2 credits for their participation. Data collection in RPS is planned to continue until the end of term. In case we are not able to fully recruit our target sample of 300 participants through RPS by that point, we will then complete data collection through means of Prolific. In Prolific participants are compensated proportionally to the length of the study, and will receive 2.50£ for their participation in the questionnaire.
Procedure
At the beginning of the questionnaire, participants are given an information sheet followed by statements they ticked to provide their consent. Participants are informed via the questionnaire that the study investigated people’s views on social issues inclusive of their attitudes and experiences with numerous social groups.
Participants are also instructed to create a unique identifier, in order to keep the data anonymous but to also allow the data to be located if the participant wished to withdraw from the study. The instructions given to create the unique identifier are the following (e.g., 12345678). The questionnaire ends with the participants being thanked for their participation and informing them that their data had been recorded.
The questionnaire takes 20-25 minutes. It consists of 122 short answer items; participants answer questions in relation to their own cultural values and beliefs, interactions, perceptions and attitudes of daily life. The questionnaire items are measured using a Likert scale to quantify participants’ attitudes and beliefs.
Questionnaire Measure
Participants will first read a study information sheet that will explain the purpose and approximate duration of the study, as well as the participant rights, and that the participation is voluntary and free of risk. The informed consent sheet will ask participants to give their consent to four different consent points. By ticking a box next to each consent point, participants will indicate that e.g. they agree to take part, have understood the information provided on the information sheet, and voluntarily participate.
“Egalitarian attitudes towards sex roles” (Knud & Larsen, 1988; 17 items) is going to be used as a potential indicator (DV) measure ‘change in honor endorsement through acculturation’. This scale assesses traditional attitudes in both men and women and how they view gender roles in household, social and work setting (“Men who cry have weak character.”). Participants rate their agreement with the statements on a scale (from 0 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree.)
The scale “Attitudes towards cross-gender friendships (2 items; self-created): We created 2 items in order to measure attitudes towards the appropriateness of cross-gender close friendships: “Men and women should only have close friends of their own gender.” and “There is no problem with a man and a woman being close friends with each other.”. Participants rate their agreement with the statements on a scale from 0 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree. We will assess whether these items for a reliable scale of attitudes towards cross-gender friendships, and then potentially use this scale as a indicator (DV) of change in honor endorsement through acculturation.
Gender-based Attitudes towards Child-Rearing (GATCR; Hoffman & Kloska, 1995; 7 items): This scale measures peoples’ attitudes towards child rearing in today’s society, and if their views differ for the two gender in terms of education (“Education is more important for sons than for daughters”), household (“It’s okay for children to help around the house, but I would not ask a son to dust or set the table”) and societal settings (“ It is as important to steer a daughter toward a good job as it is with a son.”). Participants rate their agreement with the statements on a scale from 0 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree. We will use this scale as a potential indicator (DV) of change in honor endorsement through acculturation.
The Liberal Feminist Attitude and Ideology Scale – Short Scale (LFAIS; Woodbrown, 2015; 9 items): This scale measures liberal feminist attitudes in regards to women and society. The scale taps into the domains of gender role attitudes (“Women have been treated unfairly on the basis of their gender through most of human history”), and feminist ideology (“Women should have the same opportunities as a man”). We excluded one item from the original 10 item scale (“Women can best overcome discrimination by doing the best that they can at their jobs, not by wasting time with political activity”) since in many of the groups under study many women were likely not in employment. Participants rate their agreement with the statements on a scale from 0 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree. We will use this scale as a potential indicator (DV) of change in honor endorsement through acculturation.
Honor Attribution Scale (HAS; Mosquera et. al, 2011; 24 items): This scale assesses individual honor endorsement in participants. Participants are presented with a series of honor attributes (e.g. Honesty, Loyalty to one’s partner) that may be seen desirable in men, women, or for individuals in general. Participants will fill out this scale twice, once rating the extent that they perceive these attributes as desirable for men, and once rating the extent that they perceive these attributes as desirable for women. The desirability of each attribute will be rated on a scale from 1 = Not desirable at all to 5 = Extremely desirable. We will use this scale as our main assessment of people’s endorsement of honor as a personal value in their lives.
Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA; Paulhus; 2013; 16 items): This scale measures individuals’s orientations towards one’s heritage as well as host culture, i.e. the extent to which individuals participate in practices of both their host and heritage culture (e.g. “I often participate in my heritage cultural traditions”), and the importance that these practices have to them (e.g. “It is important for me to maintain or develop British cultural practices.”). Participants will be first asked which is their heritage culture, and will then be asked to rate their agreement with the following statement with that culture in mind. Participants rate their agreement with the statements on a scale from 1 = Disagree to 9 = Agree. We will use this scale as a control variable, indicating the extent to which an individual has acculturated to British culture and/or is maintaining their own heritage culture.
Well-being (Andrews and Withey, 1976): We will assess overall well-being in participation with a single item: “How satisfied are you with your life as a whole?” Participants will rate the item on a scale of 0 =Not at all to 10 = Completely satisfied. We will use this scale as an exploratory variable, examining whether individuals showing higher wellbeing may tend to acculturate more to the host culture, to maintain their heritage culture, or both.
Relationship Status: In this section, participants will be asked general questions about their relationship status (single, married, cohabiting) as well as on their family status (number and age of children, cohabiting with children). We will use this information as a contextual variable, examining whether people who are in a relationship or not, and who have children or not, may answer questions about gender systematically different or not.
Demographical Information (11 items): Finally, participants will provide information about themselves including their sex, age, country of birth, length of stay in the UK, where their parents were born, the languages they speak, ethnic background, religiosity, and perceived social status in the country they live in.
Analysis Plan
Analysis design
[Your analysis plan here. 250-500 word suggested limit]
1. Describe as well as you are able to prepare the data for analysis and any exclusion criteria.For example, you may have a ten-item scale of extraversion that you will average into a measure. You may be acquiring physiological data that your supervisor will help you turn into four indexes of autonomic bodily arousal. As an exclusion criterion, you might exclude participants who answer to a check item that they have failed to understand the vignette they were supposed to read.
2. Statistical model will be used to test each hypothesis?
3. Include- type of model (e.g.- t-test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, chi-square test, etc)
4. Explain what will be included as predictors, outcomes, or covariates.
5. Please specify any interactions or follow-up analyses you anticipate running.
6. If you plan on using any controls/manipulation checks you could mention that here.
8. This is perhaps the most important and most complicated question within the preregistration. As with all of the other questions, the key is to provide a specific recipe for analyzing the collected data. Ask yourself: is enough detail provided that someone else could run the same analysis again the same way?
1. T-test
· One tailed t-test
· between 1st generation and 2nd generation
0. Correlation
· honor endorsement and years spent
· 2nd gen
0. Repeated t-test
· linear regression
· between generations (males + females)
· Honor attribution scale
0. Correlation/Regression
· honor endorsement & years spent
· Both- males and females
To investigate whether each aspect honor values predicts acculturation outcomes in immigrants of 2 generations
·
Ethical Considerations
Ethical design
[Your ethical design here. 150-500 word suggested limit]
1. Which parts of your design require a consideration of ethical issues? Consider the four major areas:
· Consent, right to withdraw, anonymity/confidentiality, and effects on participants.
· Identify any issues your study may have and put in place a plan to deal with these issues.
· Some projects will have very few ethical issues but all will have something that can be anticipated and dealt with.
2. This is not as easy as it may seem. Make sure you consider all the specific ethical concerns raised by your study (even the analysis) and carefully think through solutions at each point.
3. Does your design require deception? Will participants be exposed to stimuli they may find distressing?
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