Science Homework Help

answer questions in as much details. as possible.

1. When discussing redundant genes, is this relationship revealed by loss-of-function or gain-of-function alleles and why is that the case?”

“2. How was it concluded that multiple genes were involved in human albinism?”

“3. You are studying a new allele of the yellow gene in pea plants (the gene that in Mendel’s experiments gave green peas with the yy allele combination). You refer to this new allele as y2. When you look at y2y2homozygotes, you find that 80% of the peas are some shade of green and of these green peas 50% of them are the same full green shade as Mendel’s original yy allele and 50% of them are a shade that is halfway between yellow and green. Discuss these properties in terms of expressivity and penetrance.”

“4. You are studying the same yellow(Y)/green(y) alleles that affect pea color that Mendel studied. You identify a new pea mutant that causes small leaves when the new allele is homozygous (sl/sl is the recessive mutant and the wildtype is SL/SL). You cross the two mutants together (yy SLSL X YY slsl) to get Yy SLsl in the F1 and then cross these with yy slsl double mutants. In the F2 you do not get Mendelian based ratios of phenotypes. For example, you get very few green and small leaves double mutants (yy slsl). What is your explanation for this effect if it is based on linkage of these two alleles and what other genotypes do you expect to be underrepresented in the F2?”