Science Homework Help

Unit 2: Genetics

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• Describe the phases of the cell cycle.
• List in order the four stages of mitosis and the changes that occur during each stage.
• Summarize the events of each of the three checkpoints of the cell cycle.
• Identify the substance that makes up genetic material.
• Draw the shape of DNA molecule.
• Describe the steps of DNA replication.
• Compare the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.
• Describe the process of gene expression including transcription and translation.
• List the kinds of mutations.
• Relate the possible kinds of mutations to their effects.
• Generalize the ways that gene expression can be regulated.
• Differentiate between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism.
• Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.
• Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
• Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses.
• Give examples of dominant and recessive genetic disorders.
• Analyze pedigrees to identify patterns of inheritance.
• Discuss exceptions to Mendel’s inheritance (codominance and incomplete dominance)
• Summarize the effect of the environment on gene expression.
• Summarize the use of genetic engineering to manipulate DNA.
• Describe the use of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering.

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Unit 3: Change over time

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• Describe Darwin’s relationship to modern evolutionary theory.
• Outline Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.

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• Describe how genetic variation and change can be measured.
• Restate the Hardy-Weinberg principle in your own terms.

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Unit 4: Ecology

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• Describe the difference between an ecosystem and a community
• Explain how an ecosystem responds to change.
• Interpret food chains and food webs in terms of interaction of organisms through different trophic levels and flow of energy.
• Describe how energy flows in an ecosystem.
• Describe the difference between a herbivore, a carnivore, and an omnivore.
• Analyze the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on ecosystems dynamics.
• Explain how carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycled through an ecosystem.