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Rachels is attempting to prove that relativism (the doctrine that ethics is relative to your culture, subculture, or to the individual) is wrong. He does this in the way that many arguments in philosophy proceed by trying to think of all of the arguments that could be given in favor of relativism and then showing why each is wrong. Explain his argument. (In order to explain his argument, you will have to proceed as Rachels does, by giving each of the arguments in favor of relativism and then showing why Rachels believes that they don’t work.)

Chapter 6: James Rachels-The Challenge of Cultural Relativism, pp. 35-47

Book: Exploring Ethics 5th edition, edited by Steven Cahn. Oxford University Press