1. (20 pts) Given the following Reaction:
2C5H10O2 + 13O2 → 10CO2 + 10H2O
If 27.5 moles of 2C5H10O2 are reacted with an EXCESS of O2 (15 pts)
a. How many moles of O2 are used?
b. How many moles of CO2 are produced?
c. How many moles of C5H10O2 would you need to use to produce 12.4 moles of H2O Given that there is an excess of O2
2.(20 pts) Given the following Reaction:
2C5H10O2 + 13O2 → 10CO2 + 10H2O
If 15.9 moles of C5H10O2 are reacted with 101.2 moles of O2 (20 pts)
a. How many moles of H2O are produced?
b. How many moles of O2 remain after the reaction has completed
c. How many moles C5H10O2 remain after the reaction has completed
 
3.(20 pts) Given the following decomposition reaction:
4C3H5O9N3 → O2 + 12CO2 + 10H2O +6N2
a. If 42.15 g N2 of were produced what mass of O2 will be produced ?
b. If the yield of the reaction is 87.2% What mass of C3H5O9N3 would need to be decomposed to produce 10.0 g of H2O
 
4.(30 pts) Given the following Reaction:
2C3H7OH + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 8H2O
If 42.5g of C3H7OH are reacted with 89.5 g of O2
a. What mass of H2O will be produced
b. What mass of C3H7OH will remain after the reaction has completed
c. What mass of O2 will remain after the reaction has completed
d. If the yield of the reaction is 92.5% what mass of H2O would actually be produced
 
 
 
5. (20 pts) ΔH = -601 kJ/mol of MgO for the formation of MgO for the following reaction:
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
a. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic.
b. Is Heat energy given off or absorbed.
c. How much Heat is given off or absorbed if 3.5 moles of MgO is formed ?(be sure to use the proper sign with your answer and pay attention to your units)
 
6. (30 pts) 165.0 mL of a 1.9M solution of CaCl2(aq) is reacted with 275.0 mL of 0.81M solution of Na3PO4(aq)
Given the reaction : 2Na3PO4(aq) + 3CaCl2(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2 (s)+6NaCl(aq)
a) Determine the mass of the precipitate Ca3(PO4)2 formed
b) Determine the concentration of NaCl in the solution after the reaction has occurred
c) Determine the concentration of Na3PO4 in the solution after the reaction has occurred
D)Determine the concentration of CaCl2 in the solution after the reaction has occurred
e) If the reaction actually yielded 21.4 g of Ca3(PO4)2 determine the percent yield of the reaction
 
(20 pts) Given the reaction:
Na2CO3(aq) +2HNO3(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) +CO2(g) +H2O(l)
If it required exactly 82.53 ml of HNO3 to completely react with 25.0 mL of 0.38 M Na2CO3. Determine the concentration in Molarity (M) of the HNO3 solution used in the reaction (This is a titration problem)
 
 
8. (20 pts) Given the reaction:
3K2CO3 +2H3PO4(aq) → 2K3PO4(aq) +3CO2(g) +3H2O(l)
If it required 48.5 ml of H3PO4 to completely react with 1.264 g of K2CO3 Determine the concentration in Molarity (M)

Enzyme Kinetics – Introduction
Steady-state conditions will be assumed to hold for the Michaelis-Menten (MM) Enzyme Kinetic Model.  This model requires the measurement of initial velocities (rate of reaction), conditions that happen when the substrate concentration is significantly in excess of that of the enzyme; consequently, product formation is minuscule and unimportant.  Thus one assumes the concentration of the substrate is essentially invariant during the period of data taking.  The same conditions and assumptions apply to a reversible inhibitor.
 
For this exercise, you will demonstrate some of the major features of the MM model, including that velocity is directly proportional to the total enzyme concentration.  By collecting velocity data for a series of substrate concentrations you will obtain K_m, the Michaelis constant, and V_m, the maximum velocity, for a given enzyme concentration. We will be using both the MM-plot and its linear derivative Lineweaver-Burke plot to determine both parameters.  Consult your textbook for these equations.
Enzyme Kinetics – Learning Objectives and Prelab Questions
Learning Objectives:

1. Explore the effect of substrate concentrations on enzyme activity.
2. Use the substrate effects to explore Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
3. Plot MM and LB and determine Km and Vmax.

 
Prelab Questions: 

1. What assumptions are made in enzyme kinetics?
2. What is the Michaelis-Menten equation?
3. What is the Lineweaver-Burke equation

Enzyme Kinetics – Materials

1. Spectrovis or Spectrovis plus set at Abs vs. time at 460 nm.
2. One box of semi-micro disposable cuvettes.
3. P10, P200, and P1000 pipets and tips.
4. 2-3 scintillation vials

 
Reagents Needed:

1. Horseradish peroxidase working solution
2. 500 mL of 0.10M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0
3. 200 ml of 9.8mM H₂O₂(substrate one).
4. 10% guaiacol solution in methyl alcohol (10 mL/100 mL MeOH), (substrate two)

 
Procedure:

• On the spectrophotometer, set the data collection to ‘Absorbance vs. Time’, select a wavelength of 460 nm.  Under configuration, the collection should run at 1 datum/2sec, and run for 5 minutes/300 seconds.
• In a clean set of cuvettes, prepare the following reaction mixtures (Table 3). Remember:Do not add the enzyme until you are ready to do the reaction.

Table 3
 

• When ready, starting with cuvette #1, add 50 µL of the enzyme, stir and quickly place the cuvette in the spectrophotometer.
• Collect for at least 5 minutes Remove the tube from the spectrophotometer and set aside in a beaker for disposal.
• Save the run
• Repeat with each of the tubes at a different substrate concentration and save all runs.
• Export the data to excel, save it, and send the data to yourself for analysis.

Enzyme Kinetics – Data Analysis
With the data collected, you will determine the relationship between the velocity (rate) of the reaction (Vo) and the substrate concentration (S) at the different substrate concentrations. To do this you have to convert your absorbance (OD) /min to concentration/minute. For this, the extinction coefficient of the guaiacol is 26.6 mM^-1cm^-1.
Note: Remember the Beer-Lambert law: OD = εcl
Where ε is the extinction coefficient,
c is the concentration and
l is the light path (here 1 cm).
So this can be set up neatly to be: c = (OD)/ εl.

• Plot the data as both Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burke graphs in excel. Calculate the Km and Vmax. Refer to Chapter 6 in Lehninger.   If you have questions about how to do this, then see the instructor.
• The Michealis-Menten Plot is an example of a non-linear relation as such we will be using Solver from Excel to determine the Km and Vmax.

Hints:
For the Michaelis-Menten Plot:

• The data points for your y-axis will be the slopes of your absorbance/time plots for the seven reactions (restrict your plot to the first 120 seconds/2 minutes).  The different slopes once converted to concentration (using Beer-Lambert Law) give you your y-axis data points, ie initial velocity (Vo).
• For your x-axis data points, we will be using the concentration of peroxide from the measured volume (1-7). Use m1v1=m2v2. The initial concentration of your peroxide is 9.8 mM. The initial volume will be on the table. The final volume = 2600 uL ( the total volume from each run on your table) and calculate for your final concentration.
• Plot the slope. (concentration/s) against the different peroxide, concentrations to obtain your MM plot.
• The LB plot is a double reciprocal plot.

Enzyme Kinetics – Post Lab Questions

1. What Vmax and Km do you obtain from the Michaelis Menten plot?
2. What Vmax and Km do you obtain from the Lineweaver-Burke plot?
3. Are there any differences and state why the difference and which one will be more accurate?
4. Look up Horseradish peroxidase on the Sigma-Aldrich website and discuss the following :
   • • List some inhibitors of horseradish peroxidase
     • What is the optimal pH for the enzyme
     • Storage conditions
     • Applications

Imagine finding the best recipe for your favorite dish and not being able to repeat it.  Hours of time wasted because of a lack of documentation. We do not want that to happen so for each lab there will be the submission of a lab report as the proof of our time in the lab. Each lab report should have the following:

• The sections listed in the table below.
• The report should either be typed out or written in Notability.
• The report should be submitted as a pdf before the next lab