Computer Science homework help. 1.  According to Vladeck, 2003 Universal Health Care is an initiative in which health coverage in the United States can be used nationally for quality healthcare service without any restrictions or challenges. However, there are several factors to take into consideration regarding Universal health care such as the positive and negative implications. As is relates to the positive aspects of universal health care (health care for all individuals), patients will be able to access healthcare without disparities or barriers which will improve individual’s health and wellness. According to Bloom, Khoury, and Subbaraman 2018, Universal health Care is an initiative that will contributes to the reduction in misery and suffering because insurance for all would be seen as a human right.  On the other hand, some negative aspects of Universal healthcare in the United States that could deter the initiative is that the health care system will need more resources to facilitate the increase patient need. In addition, research showed that there would be an increase in infection rate in the health care setting, deficiencies in quality control, and increase in medical errors (Bloom, Khoury, & Subbaraman, 2018). With that been said, the adverse implication of the implementation of Universal Healthcare (health care for all) has contributed to the reluctance to prioritize this initiative because of the adverse effect that is seen as major health care concerns.
2.  Universal health care is a system that provides quality medical services to all citizens. The federal government offers it to everyone regardless of their ability to pay. The sheer cost of providing quality health care makes universal health care a large expense for governments. Most universal health care is funded by general income taxes or payroll taxes. There are 3 universal healthcare models: single-payer, mandatory insurance and national health insurance. The United States is the only one of 33 developed countries who do not have universal healthcare. The United States has a mixture of government-run and private insurance. Back in 2008, Barack Obama stated “that health care should be a “right for every American.” The PPACA was signed in 2010 stating the millions of uninsured citizens would gain coverage and a study done in 2013 revealed that by 2016 over 30 million people would still remain without coverage. The Pros of universal healthcare include lower overall healthcare costs, lower administrative costs, doctors/hospitals providing the same standard services to all, healthier workforce, recognized as human right, save lives, etc. The Cons of universal healthcare include healthy people paying for others’ medical care, increased U.S debt, increased wait time for medical services, raised taxes, doctor shortages, overuse of healthcare services, etc.
3.  The universal health care efforts in the United States has failed time and time again because of economic complications. Many of our presidents throughout time have tried to make universal health care happen but the votes and support weren’t there. Looking at the pros of universal health care many people believe that universal health care is a way of “healthy people paying for the sickest, health care cost will overwhelm government budgets, services may be limited to people, and there will be longer waiting times. (The balance 2019). Other people believe that people will seek unnecessary treatment and the overuse of services would hurt the budget. All of these are assumptions made from studying other countries with universal health care. Now, looking into the pros that would come from universal health care would be lower health care cost which creates a healthier society. It will also lower administrative costs, everyone will be able to afford any type of medical services not just the wealthy, and lastly it will stop medical bankruptcies. One of the biggest concerns for the public when it comes to universal health care is that taxes would go up in order to be able to afford all of it. Having universal health care can improve the publics health but it can also lead to government debt.
4.  Over the years there have been many efforts to establish universal health care efforts. Many have failed due to an abundance of reasons, mostly conflict of interest between organizations. For example, private health insurance companies have put up a big fight in previous attempts in the 20th century when progressives attempted to enact movements for universal health care. However, there are some that have succeeded. One such example are the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which provide health care for the elderly and poor, respectively. Another example is a joint federal-state program called Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), which provides health care for poor children (Schneider, 2017).Some pros of universal health care would be lower overall cost for health care, lower administrative costs, standardized services, healthier workforce, prevention of future social costs that would be due to lack of health care otherwise, and promotion of healthier choice making.Some cons of universal health care would be long wait times, overwhelmed government budgets, less financial incentive to stay healthy, healthy people paying for the sick, and potentially cut care by doctors to lower costs.

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