Writing Homework Help

I need help with a Humanities question. All explanations and answers will be used to help me learn.

1. According to Spring, how was the common school a response to the “threat of cultural pluralism”? Why does Spring argue schools were never truly “common”? Explain.

2. What do you think Chikkatur means when she states: “identities are socially constituted and … there are important differences in how they are defined and embodied in various social contexts” (p. 98)