Writing Homework Help

nitial Response #1: Consider health concerns or issues within a cultural group within your community and answer the following:

1. Briefly describe the culture and the concern or issue within this cultural group.
2. What evidence-based practices could you use as the C/PHN with this group? Include the source of this evidence.
3. How can you ensure cultural competency and sensitivity when working with this group?
4. How can you as the C/PHN function ethically to protect and promote the group’s health? 

Be sure to cite and reference your source(s). This response is due by Tuesday, July 27, by 1159pm.

Peer Responses #2 & #3: Respond to a minimum of two different posts mad by two different peers. Responses need to meaninful, constructive, and reflect depth of thought. These two responses are due by Friday, July 30, by 1159pm.

use links  for inf… to answer questions  https://www.registerednursing.org/nclex/cultural-use a…https://www.apha.org/-/media/files/pdf/membergroups/ethics/ethics_brochure.as …. will send student response later 

Post 1

Hey this is Josey response 1. Many factors combined make up the African American culture. An article by Kennedy et. al found nine cultural characteristics of African Americans. These were the nine factors they found: (1) religion is a powerful force; (2) family structure; (3) integration dismantled the African American family; (4) general mistrust of Caucasians; (5) African Americans are undervalued and not respected as a people; (6) limited resources equal limited ability to make lifestyle changes; (7) preservation of an explicit ethnic identity; (8) education is the key to success as an African American; and (9) communication skills are vital. The CDC noted that chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and strokes are more common in the African American population when compared to whites (African American Health2017).

2. As healthcare providers, specifically in the community and public health setting, there are many ways we can help approach and solve the health concerns that this population experiences. It is important to provide them with the resources they need in order to prevent these health disparities from occuring. This could be done by providing them with a resource that will help them to remember their appointments, take their medications on time, pick up their prescriptions when they are ready, and how and when to get to follow up appointments (African American Health2017). Providing a safe space for the patients to ask questions and collaborating with their other heathcare providers will help to to decrease the risks of these individuals from developing or having worsening conditions related to those chronic diseases that they are more at risk for developing. Training community health care workers in underserved communities is important in order to educate and connect individuals to affordable, low-cost services (African American Health 2017).

3. It is important to make sure that providers assess their own biases that they may hold towards individuals unlike themselves. Being prepared and treating each person as unique is important when caring for any culture, especially someone from a different than you. Allowing a space for the patient to speak is important, as well as asking them questions to determine their personal characteristics preventing from stereotyping them into a category they may not associate with themselves.

4. As the C/PHN, I would make sure to ask each patient about those characteristics that make them unique. I would make it a priority to make them feel comfortable and safe when discussing their care with me. Not being a part of this particular cultural group myself, I would want to ensure not to impose any stereotypes or personal biases on my patients so I would be sure to do my research to better care for the population.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, July 3). African American Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/aahealth/index.html.

Kennedy, B. M., Ard, J. D., Harrison, L., Jr, Conish, B. K., Kennedy, E., Levy, E. J., & Brantley, P. J. (2007). Cultural characteristics of African Americans: implications for the design of trials that target behavior and health promotion programs. Ethnicity & disease, 17(3), 548–554. 

Post 2

Julie maker response

1. Memphis has a substantial Orthodox Jewish community, primarily located in the East Memphis area, with one of the two major Orthodox synagogues having the largest Orthodox congregation in the United States (Institute of Southern Jewish Life, n.d.). Orthodox Jews have a deep devotion to their religion and “often consult a rabbi or posek before making major life decisions, including matters of health care, to ensure adherence to Jewish law” (Bressler & Popp, n.d.). The trend is even more pronounced among young Orthodox Jews, with children and young adults being more strictly observant of their religion and its traditions than their parents and grandparents (Kress, n.d.). The concern within this group is that their strict adherence to religious practice may interfere, complicate, or conflict with health care plans provided to them by health care providers. One of the most observed traditions to understand is Shabbat, which is the 7th day of the week (beginning on Friday at sunset) and is a day of rest (Jewish Virtual Library, n.d.). Unless a life is at stake, the following actions are some of those that are prohibited on Shabbat: traveling, making purchasing transactions, using electricity, and using cars (Jewish Virtual Library, n.d.). It is important for a C/PHN to understand these restrictions among those who are devoted to Orthodox Judaism so that proper accommodations can be made to assist these people in obtaining their health care goals.
2. An interesting role a C/PHN can play in evidence-based practice for the Orthodox Jewish community is in situations of a breastfeeding mother who has a hospitalized newborn. Orthodox Jewish women are encouraged to breastfeed their babies, however if the baby is not with the mother, there are complications because of rules relating to Shabbat. Normally, if a mother must express breastmilk on Shabbat because she is unable to breastfeed, that milk must be discarded (Candelaria et al., 2019). If a newborn is hospitalized, the milk can be saved because it is considered a life-threatening situation for the newborn, however doing work and using electricity on Shabbat is prohibited, which means that she would not be able to operate a breast pump (Candelaria et al., 2019). But a health care provider is permitted to operate the breast pump for her (Candelaria et al., 2019). Therefore, a C/PHN can visit with the mother and operate the breast pump so that the mother is able to continue her goal of providing breastmilk to her newborn and the newborn receives the colostrum and milk that is necessary for optimal health. Also, after the birth of a baby, the father is not allowed to touch the mother so the mother must have help from female relatives and health care workers during her recovery (Candelaria et al., 2019). The C/PHN can visit with the expecting family to help them devise a plan for after the birth so that everyone has clear roles and the family’s goals can be obtained (Candelaria et al., 2019). Additionally, the father must be the one to consult the rabbi before the birth to make plans for the newborn’s care, including breastfeeding, so it is important for the C/PHN to advocate for the mother by ensuring that the father is aware of the mother’s goals and is able to relay that information effectively for her (Candelaria et al., 2019).
3. Orthodox Jews follow a strict kosher diet so many restaurants and grocery stores obtain kosher certification to assure their patrons of their standards (Kress, n.d.). A C/PHN can show cultural competency and sensitivity by becoming familiar with these rules, and also with the kosher restaurants and grocery stores in the area, so that proper dietary recommendations can be made to their patients. Also, with the rules regarding Shabbat, a C/PHN can show cultural competency and sensitivity by being available to the community if someone needs non-life-threatening help, such as medications picked up from the pharmacy or first aid/simple medical care and is unable to use transportation to get to a doctor’s office. An additional concern among Orthodox Jews about which a C/PHN must show competency and sensitivity is the increased risk for certain genetic diseases. Genetic screening is encouraged among this population in order to eliminate “debilitating recessive genetic disease” (Dor Yeshorim, n.d.). The Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Panel includes diseases such as cystic fibrosis, Fanconi anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease, and can be detected through carrier screening, chorionic villus sampling, or amniocentesis (University of Michigan Health, 2020). It is important for the C/PHN to be knowledgeable about these diseases and the genetic counseling process, and also to be compassionate because some of the diseases are lethal and patients who are undergoing testing may need a great deal of support.
4. The main ethical considerations for the C/PHN to use with this cultural group are autonomy and veracity. The C/PHN may have a very different background and different values than an Orthodox Jew and may not always understand the devotion of the patient to religion, but it is imperative that the C/PHN ensures and protects the right of the patients to make their own decisions for their health. This can be done if the C/PHN reflects on his/her own values and beliefs, and then learns about the culture before interacting with the patients. Also, it will be important to not make assumptions about the patients based on what is typically believed and practiced within the culture. Each patient is different and the C/PHN must make an effort to understand the goals of the individual patient within the context of the larger culture. Also, the high rate of certain serious and lethal genetic diseases within the Orthodox Jewish population is a potentially difficult circumstance for the C/PHN. The C/PHN must exhibit veracity by always remaining truthful with the patient, giving accurate information without providing false reassurance. Because of the need to potentially have difficult conversations with these patients, the C/PHN must always strive to establish and maintain a trusting relationship with the community.

References

Bressler, T., & Popp, B. (n.d.). Ethical challenges when caring for Orthodox Jewish patients at the

end of life. Lippincott Nursing Center. https://www.nursingcenter.com/ce_articleprint?an=00129191-201802000-00007

Candelaria, L.M., Bressler, T., & Spatz, D.L. (2019). Breastfeeding guidance for Orthodox Jewish

families when newborns require special care and continued hospitalization. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 44(2), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000513

Dor Yeshorim. (n.d.). Our philosophy. https://doryeshorim.org/

Institute of Southern Jewish Life. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish communities – Orthodox

congregations, Memphis, Tennessee. https://www.isjl.org/tennessee-memphis-orthodox-encyclopedia.html

Jewish Virtual Library. (n.d.). Shabbat: What is Shabbat?.

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/what-is-shabb…

Kress, M. (n.d.). Orthodox Judaism: The state of Orthodox Judaism today. Jewish Virtual Library.

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-state-of-orthodox-judaism-today

University of Michigan Health. (2020, July 17). Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Panel (AJGP).

https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/tv7879#tv7880